Himachal pradesh

Himachal pradesh
Dave bhoomi
— raajya —
Shimla
samay mandal: IST (UTC+5:30)
desh	Bhaarat
jila	12
pratishtha	25 January 1971
rajdhani	Shimla
sabse bada nagar	Shimla
raajyapaal	aachaarya devavrat
mukhyamantri	veerabhadr Singh[1]
vidhaan sabha (seatein)	ekasadaneeya[2] (68)
mukhya uchch nyaayaalaya ke nyaayamoorti	maananeeya nyaayamoorti shri kuriyan Joseph[3]
janasankhya • ghanatv	68,56,509 (21st) (2011 tak [update]) • 123.2 /kimi2 (319 /varg meal)
lingaanupaat	974 ♂/♀
saaksharata	83.78%
aadhikaarik bhaasha(eain)	hindi
kshetrafal	55,673 ki.mee² (21,495 varg meal)
mausam • varsha taapamaan • greeshm • sheet	• 1,469 mm (57.8 in) • 28 °aC (82 °aF) • 7 °aC (45 °aF)
aadhikaarik jaalasthal: aadhikaarik website

nirdeshaank: 31°a6′a12″aN 77°a10′a20″aE / 31.10333°aN 77.17222°aE / 31.10333; 77.17222

Himachal pradesh (angreji: Himachal Pradesh, punjabi: ਹaaਿaaਮaaਾaaਚaaਲ ਪaa੍aaਰaaਦaaੇaaਸaa਼, uchchaaran [hɪaamaːaatʃaaəaal prəaad̪aaeːaaʃ] (sahaayata·info)) uttar-pashchimi Bhaarat mein sthit ek raajya hai. yeh 21,629 meela² (56019 kimee²)^[4] se adhik kshetr mein faila hai tatha uttar mein Jammu Kashmir, pashchim tatha dakshin-pashchim mein Punjab (Bhaarat), dakshin mein Haryana evam uttar pradesh, dakshin-poorv mein uttaraakhand tatha poorv mein Tibet se ghira hua hai. Himachal pradesh ka shaabdik arth "barfeele pahaadon ka praant" hai.^[5] Himachal pradesh ko "Dave bhoomi" bhi kaha jaata hai. is kshetr mein aaryon ka prabhaav rigved se bhi puraana hai^{[krupaya uddharan jodein]}. aangl-gorakha yuddh ke baad, yeh british aupaniveshik sarkaar ke haath mein aa gaya. san 1857 tak yeh mahaaraaja ranajeet Singh ke shaasan ke adheen Punjab raajya (Punjab hills ke seeba raajya ko chhodkar) ka hissa tha.^[6] san 1950 me ise kendra shaasit pradesh banaaya gaya, lekin 1971 me ise, Himachal pradesh raajya adhiniyam-1971 ke antargat ise 25 June 1971 ko Bhaarat ka athaarahavaaain raajya banaaya gaya. Himachal pradesh ki prativyakti aay Bhaarat ke kisi bhi anya raajya ki tulana mein adhik hai^{[sandigdh – charcha karein]}. baarahamaasi nadiyon ki bahutaayat ke kaaran, Himachal anya raajyon ko panabijli bechata hai jinme pramukh hain Delhi, Punjab (Bhaarat) aur Rajasthan. raajya ki arthavyavastha teen pramukh kaarakon par nirbhar karti hai jo hain, panabijli, paryatan aur krushi.^[7] hindu raajya ki janasankhya ka 95% hain aur pramukh samudaayon me braahman, rajput, ghirth (chaudhari), gaddi, kannet, raathi aur koli shaamil hain. traansaparensi intaranaishanal ke 2005 ke sarvekshan ke anusaar, Himachal pradesh desh mein Kerala ke baad doosari sabse kam bhrasht raajya hai.^[8]

Himachal pradesh ka itihaas utana hi praacheen hai, jitna ki maanav astitv ka apna itihaas hai. is baat ki satyata ke pramaan Himachal pradesh ke vibhinn bhaagon mein hui khudaai mein praapt saamagriyon se milte hain. praacheenakaal mein is pradesh ke aadi nivaasi das, dasyu aur nishaad ke naam se jaane jaate the. unneesaveen shataabdi mein ranajeet Singh ne is kshetr ke anek bhaagon ko apne raajya mein mila liya. jab angrej yahaan aae, to unhonne gorakha logon ko paraajit karke kuchh raajaaon ki riyaasaton ko apne saamraajya mein mila liya.

• Shimla hil states ki sthaapana

1945 E. tak pradesh bhar mein praja mandalon ka gathan ho chuka tha. 1946 E. mein sabhi praja mandalon ko echaechaesaaarasi mein shaamil kar liya tatha mukhyaalaya mandi mein sthaapit kiya gaya. mandi ke svaami poornaanand ko adhyaksh, padamadev ko sachiv tatha Shiv nand ramaul (sirmaur) ko sanyukt sachiv niyukt kiya. echaechaesaaarasi ke naahan mein 1946 E. mein chunaav hue, jismein yashavant Singh paramaar ko adhyaksh chuna gaya. January, 1947 E. mein raaja durga chand (baghaat) ki adhyakshata mein Shimla hills states union ki sthaapana ki gayi. January, 1948 E. mein iska sammelan solan mein hua. Himachal pradesh ke nirmaan ki ghoshana is sammelan mein ki gayi. doosari taraf praja mandal ke netaaon ka Shimla mein sammelan hua, jismein yashavant Singh paramaar ne is baat par jor diya ki Himachal pradesh ka nirmaan tabhi sambhav hai, jab shakti pradesh ki janta tatha raajya ke haath saunp di jaae. shivaanand ramaul ki adhyakshata mein himaalayan plant garvanameint ki sthaapana ki gayi, jiska mukhyaalaya Shimla mein tha. do March, 1948 E. ko Shimla hil state ke raajaaon ka sammelan Delhi mein hua. raajaaon ki agavaai mandi ke raaja jogeindr sen kar rahe the. in raajaaon ne Himachal pradesh mein shaamil hone ke liye 8 March 1948 ko ek samjhaute par hastaakshar kiye. 15 April 1948 E. ko Himachal pradesh raajya ka nirmaan kiya tha. us samay pradesh bhar ko chaar jilon mein baanta gaya aur Punjab hil states ko Patiala aur poorv Punjab raajya ka naam diya gaya. 1948 E. mein solan ki naalaagadh riyaasat kon shaamil kiya gaya. April 1948 mein is kshetr ki 27,000 varg ki॰amee॰ mein faili lagbhag 30 riyaasaton ko milaakar is raajya ko kendra shaasit pradesh banaaya gaya.

• 1950 E. mein pradesh ka punargathan

1950 E. mein pradesh ke punargathan ke antargat pradesh ki seemaaon ka punargathan kiya gaya. kotakhaai ko upatahaseel ka darja dekar khaneti, darakoti, kumaarasain upatahaseel ke kuchh kshetr tatha balasan ke kuchh kshetr tatha balasan ke kuchh kshetr kotakhaai mein shaamil kiye gaye. kotagadh ko kumaarasain upatahaseel mein mila gaya. uttar pradesh ke do gaanv sangos aur bhaandar jubbal tahaseel mein shaamil kar diye gaye. Punjab ke naalaagadh se saat gaanv lekar solan tahaseel mein shaamil gaye gaye. iske badle mein Shimla ke najadeek kusumpati, bharaadi, sanjauli, vaakna, bhaari, kaato, Rampur. iske saath hi pepsi (Punjab) ke chhabarot kshetr kusumpati tahaseel mein shaamil kar diya gaya.

• bilaasapur jila ka vilay

bilaasapur riyaasat ko 1948 E. mein pradesh se alag rakha gaya tha. un dinon is kshetr mein bhaakhada-baandh pariyojana ka kaarya chalaane ke kaaran ise pradesh mein alag rakha gaya. ek July, 1954 E. ko kahaloor riyaasat ko pradesh mein shaamil karke ise bilaasapur ka naam diya gaya. us samay bilaasapur tatha ghumaaraveen naamak do tahaseelein banaai gain. yeh pradesh ka paanchavaan jila bana. 1954 mein jab 'g' shreni ki riyaasat bilaasapur ko ismein milaaya gaya, to iska kshetrafal badhkar 28,241 varg ki.mi.ho gaya.

• kinnaur jila ki sthaapana

ek May, 1960 ko chhathe jila ke roop mein kinnaur ka nirmaan kiya gaya. is jila mein mahaasoo jila ki cheeni tahaseel tatha Rampur tahaseel ko 14 gaanv shaamil gaye gaye. iski teen tahaseelein kalpa, nichaar aur pooh banaai gain.

• Punjab ka punargathan

varsh 1966 mein Punjab ka punargathan kiya gaya tatha Punjab va Haryana do raajya bana diye gaye. bhaasha tatha tihaadi kshetr ke Punjab se lekar Himachal pradesh mein shaamil kar diye gaye. sanjauli, bharaadi, kusumapati aadi kshetr jo pehle Punjab mein the tatha naalaagadh aadi jo Punjab mein the, unhein pun: Himachal pradesh mein shaamil kar diya gaya. san 1966 mein ismein Punjab ke pahaadi kshetron ko milaakar iska punargathan kiya gaya to iska kshetrafal badhkar 55,673 varg ki॰mee॰ ho gaya.

• 1972 E. mein punargathan

Himachal pradesh ko poorn raajya ka darja 25 January 1971 ko mila. 1 November 1972 ko kaangada jile ke teen jile kaangada, oona tatha hameerapur banaae gaye. mahaasoo jila ke kshetron mein se solan jila banaaya gaya.

Himachal pradesh himaalaya parvat ki shivaalik shreni ka hissa hai. shivaalik parvat shreni se hi ghaggar nadi niklati hai. raajya ki anya pramukh nadiyon mein sataluj aur vyaas shaamil hai. Himachal himaalaya ka sudoor uttari bhaag Laddakh ke thande marusthal ka vistaar hai aur laahaul evam spiti jile ke spiti upamandal mein hai. himaalaya ki teenon mukhya parvat shrankhalaaeain, bruhat himaalaya, laghu himaalaya; jinhein Himachal mein dhaulaadhaar aur uttaraanchal mein naagateebha kaha jaata hai aur uttar-dakshin disha mein faili shivaalik shreni, is himaalaya khand mein sthit hain. laghu himaalaya mein 1000 se 2000 meter ooainchaai vaale parvat british prashaasan ke liye mukhya aakarshan kendra rahe hain.

nadiyaan

Himachal pradesh mein paanch pramukh nadiyaan bahti hain. Himachal pradesh mein bahne vaale paanchon nadiyaan evam chhote-chhote naale baarah maasi hain. inke srot barf se dhaki pahaadiyon mein sthit hain. Himachal pradesh mein bahne waali paanch nadiyon mein se chaar ka ullekh rigved mein milta hai. us samay ye anya naamon se jaani jaati theen jaise arikri (chinaab) purooshni (raavi), arijikiya (byaas) tatha shatadui (sataluj) paanchavi nadi yamuna jo yamunottari se niklati hai usaka soorya Dave se pauraanik sambandh darshaaya jaata hai.

raavi nadee: raavi nadi ka praacheen naam 'iraavati aur paroshni' hai. raavi nadi madhya himaalaya ki dhaulaadhaar shrunkhala ki shaakha bada bhangaal se niklati hai. raavi nadi 'bhaadal' aur 'taantaagiri' do khaddon se milkar banti hai. ye khaddein barf pighlane se banti hai. yeh nadi chanba se khedi ke paas Punjab (Bhaarat) mein pravesh karti hai aur Punjab se Pakistan mein pravesh karti hai. yeh bharamaur aur chanba shahar mein bahti hai. yeh bahut hi ugr nadi hai. iski sahaayak nadiyaan trun daihan, balajaidi, syool, saaho, chidaachand, chhataraadi aur baira hain. iski lanbaai 720 kilometer hai, parantu Himachal mein iski lanbaai 158 kilometer hai. sikandar mahaan ke saath aae yoonaani itihaasakaar ne ise 'haaidraastar aur rahoaadis' ka naam diya tha.

byaas nadee: byaas nadi ka puraana naam 'arjikiya' ya 'vipaasha' tha. yeh kulloo mein vyaas kund se niklati hai. vyaas kund peer panjaal parvat shrunkhala mein sthit rohataang darre mein hai. yeh kulloo, mandi, hameerapur aur kaangada mein bahti hai. kaangada se murathal ke paas Punjab mein chali jaati hai. Manali, kulloo, bajaura, aut, pandoh, mandi, sujaanapur teehara, naadaun aur dehara gopeepur iske pramukh tateeya sthaan hain. iski kul lanbaai 460 ki॰mee॰ hai. Himachal mein iski lanbaai 260 ki॰mee॰ hai. kulloo mein pataleekoohal, paarvati, pin, malaana-naala, fojal, sarvari aur saij iski sahaayak nadiyaan hain. kaangada mein sahaayak nadiyaan binva nyoogal, gaj aur chakki hain. is nadi ka naam maharshi byaas ke naam par rakha gaya hai. yeh pradesh ki jeevanadaayini nadiyon mein se ek hai.

chinaav nadee: chinaav nadi Jammu-Kashmir se hoti hui Punjab raajya mein bahne waali nadi hai. paani ke ghanatv ki drushti se yeh pradesh ki sabse badi nadi hai. yeh nadi samudra tal se lagbhag 4900 meter ki oonchaai par baaraalaacha darre (laahaul speeti) ke paas se nikalne waali chandra aur bhaaga nadiyon ke taandi naamak sthaan par milne se banti hai. is nadi ko vaidik saahitya mein 'ashvini' naam se sambodhit kiya gaya hai. oopari himaalaya par taandi mein 'chandr' aur 'bhaaga' nadiyaan milti hain, jo chinaav nadi kahalaati hai. mahaabhaarat kaal mein is nadi ka naam 'chandrabhaaga' bhi prachalit ho gaya tha. greek lekhakon ne chinaav nadi ko 'akesineej' likha hai, jo ashvini ka hi spasht roopaantaran hai. chandrabhaaga nadi maanasarovar (tibbt) ke nikat chandrabhaaga naamak parvat se nistrut hoti hai aur sindhu nadi mein gir jaati hai. chinaav nadi ki oopari dhaara ko chadrabhaaga kehkar, pu:n shesh nadi ka praacheen naam ashvini kaha gaya hai. is nadi ko Himachal se adbhut maana gaya hai. is nadi ka tatavarti pradesh poorv gupt kaal mein mlechhon tatha yavan shav aadi dvaara shaasit tha.

Himachal mein teen rituen hoti hain - greeshm ritu, sharad ritu aur varsha ritu. Himachal pradesh ki samudratal se oonchaai ki vividhta ke kaaran jalavaayu mein bhi bhinnata hai. kaheen saara varsh barf girti hai, to kaheen garmi hoti he. Himachal mein garm paani ke chashamein bhi hain aur himnad bhi hai. aisa samudratal se oonchaai ki bhinnata ki vajah se hai.

krushi Himachal pradesh ka pramukh v‍aayavasaaya hai. yeh raaj‍aaya ki arthav‍aayavas‍aatha mein mahat‍aavapoorn bhoomika nibhaati hai. yeh 69 pratishat kaamkaaji aabaadi ko seedha rojagaar muhaiya karaati hai. krushi aur usase sambandhit kshetr se hone waali aay pradesh ke kul ghareloo ut‍aapaad ka 22.1 pratishat hai. kul bhaugolik kshetr 55.673 lakh hek‍aateyar mein se 9.79 lakh hek‍aateyar bhoomi ke s‍aavaami 9.14 lakh kisaan hain. manjhole aur chhote kisaano ke paas kul bhoomi ka 86.4 pratishat bhaag hai. raaj‍aaya mein krushi bhoomi keval 10.4 pratishat hai. lagbhag 80 pratishat kshetr varsha-sinchit hai aur kisaan Indra devata par nirbhar rahate hain.

baagavaani

prakruti ne Himachal pradesh ko v‍aayaapak krushi jalavaayu paristhitiyaan pradaan ki hain jiski vajah se kisaanon ko vividh fal ugaane mein sahaayata mili hai. baagavaani ke antargat aane vaale pramukh fal hain-seb, naashapaati, aadoo, ber, khoomaani, guthali vaale fal, neenboo prajaati ke fal, aam, leechi, amarood aur jharaberi aadi. 1950 mein keval 792 hek‍aateyar kshetr baagavaani ke antargat tha, jo badhkar 2.23 lakh hek‍aateyar ho gaya hai. isi tarah,1950 mein fal ut‍aapaadan 1200 meetrik tan tha, jo 2007 mein badhakar 6.95 lakh tan ho gaya hai.

vaaniki

raaj‍aaya ka kul bhaugolik kshetrafal 55,673 varg kilometer hai. van rikaard ke anusaar kul van kshetr 37,033 varg kilometer hai. ismein se 16,376 varg kilometer kshetr aisa hai jahaan pahaadi charaagaah waali vanas‍aapatiyaan naheen ugaai ja sakateen k‍aayonki yeh s‍aathaayi roop se barf se dhaka rahata hai.

raaj‍aaya mein 2 raash‍aatreeya park aur 32 van‍aayajeevan abhayaaran‍aaya hain. van‍aayajeevan abhayaaran‍aaya ke antargat kul kshetr 5,562 ki.mi., raash‍aatreeya park ke antargat 1,440 ki॰ami॰ hai. is tarah kul sanrakshit kshetr 7,002 ki॰ami॰ hai.

Himachal pradesh raaj‍aaya mein yahaan ki sadkein hi yahaan ki jeevan rekha hain aur ye sanchaar ke pramukh saadhan hain. iske 55,673 varg kilometer kshetrafal mein se 36,700 kilometer mein basaahat hai, jismein se 16,807 gaanv anek parvateeya shrrukhalaaon aur ghaatiyon ke dhalaanon par faile hue hain. jab yeh raaj‍aaya 1948 mein astit‍aav mein aaya, to yahaan keval 288 ki॰mee॰ lambi sadkein theen jo 15 agas‍aat 2007 tak badhkar 30,264 ho gayi hain.

saal 2007 tak Himachal pradesh mein kul buvaai kshetr 5.83 lakh hek‍aateyar tha. gaanvon mein peene ke paani ki suvidha upalab‍aadh karaai gayi aur ab tak raaj‍aaya mein 14,611 haindapanp lagaae ja chuke hain. Himachal pradesh mein bhoojal ki ulabdhata 36,615.92 haikteyar meter (hai.mi.) hai.^[9]

paryatan udyog ko Himachal pradesh mein uch‍aach praathamikta di gayi hai aur Himachal sarkaar ne iske vikaas ke liye samuchit dhaancha viksit kiya hai jismein janopayogi sevaaen, sadkein, sanchaar tantr havaai adde yaataayaat sevaaen, jalaapoorti aur jan s‍aavaas‍aath‍aaya sevaaen shaamil hai. raaj‍aaya paryatan vikaas nigam raaj‍aaya ki aay mein 10 pratishat ka yogadaan karta hai. raaj‍aaya mein teertho aur nruvaijnyaaanik mahat‍aav ke s‍aathalon ka samruddh bhandaar hai. raaj‍aaya ko v‍aayaas, paaraashar, vasish‍aath, maarkan‍aadeya aur lomash aadi rishiyon ke nivaas s‍aathal hone ka gaurav praap‍aat hai. garm paani ke srot, aitihaasik durg, praakrutik aur maanav nirmit jheelein, un‍aamuk‍aat vichrate charavaahe paryatakon ke liye aseem sukh aur aanand ka srot hain.

paryatan aakarshan

chanba ghaati

chanba ghaati (915 meter) ki oonchaai par raavi nadi ke daaen kinaare par hai. puraane samay mein raajashaahi ka raaj‍aaya hone ke naate yeh lagbhag ek shataab‍aadi puraana raaj‍aaya hai aur 6veen shataab‍aadi se iska itihaas milta hai. yeh apni bhav‍aaya vaas‍aatukala aur anek romaanchak yaatraaon ke liye ek aadhaar ke taur par vikh‍aayaat hai.

dalahauji

pashchimi Himachal pradesh mein dalahauji naamak yeh parvateeya s‍aathaan puraani duniya ki cheejon se bhara pada hai aur yahaan raajashaahi yug ki bhaav‍aayata bikhri padi hai. yeh lagbhag 14 varg kilo meter faila hai aur yahaan kaath log, paatre, tehara, bakarota aur baloom naamak 5 pahaadiyaan hai. ise 19veen shataab‍aadi mein british Governor general, laud dalahauji ke naam par banaaya gaya tha. is kas‍aabe ki oonchaai lagbhag 525 meter se 2378 meter tak hai aur iske aas paas vividh prakaar ki vanas‍aapati-paain, devadaar, ok aur foolon se bhare hue rodo deindraun paae jaate hain dalahauji mein manamohak up nivesh yu‍aageen vaas‍aatukala hai jismein kuchh sundar girjaaghar shaamil hai. yeh maidaanon ke manoram drush‍aayon ko pras‍aatut karne ke saath ek lambi rajat rekha ke samaan dikhaai dene vaale raavi nadi ke saath ek adbhut drush‍aaya pradarshit karta hai jo ghoom kar dalahauji ke neeche jaati hai. barf se dhaka hua dholaadhaar parvat bhi is kas‍aabe se saaf dikhaai deta hai.

dharmashaala

dharmashaala ki oonchaai 1,250 meter (4,400 feet) aur 2,000 meter (6,460 feet) ke beech hai. yeh apni praakrutik sundarata ke liye jaana jaata hai, jahaan paain ke oonche ped, chai ke baagaan aur imaarati lakdi paida karne vaale bade vruksh oonchaai, shaanti tatha pavitrata ke saath yahaan khade dikhaai dete hain. varsh 1960 se, jab se dalaai laama ne apna as‍aathaayi mukh‍aayaalaya yahaan banaaya, dharmashaala ki antararaash‍aatreeya kh‍aayaati Bhaarat ke chhote l‍aahaasa ke roop mein badh gayi hai.

kufari

anant doori tak chalta aakaash, barf se dhaki chotiyaan, gahari ghaatiyaan aur meethe paani ke jharane, kufari mein yeh sab hai. yeh parvateeya s‍aathaan Shimla ke paas samudri tal se 2510 meter ki oonchaai par Himachal pradesh ke dakshini bhaag mein sthit hai. kufari mein than‍aad ke mausam mein anek khelon ka aayojan kiya jaata hai jaise s‍aakaaing aur tobogening ke saath chadhaadayon par chadhna. than‍aad ke mausam mein har varsh khel kaarnivaal aayojit kiye jaate hain aur yeh un paryatakon ke liye ek bada aakarshan hai jo keval in‍aahein dekhne ke liye yahaan aate hain. yeh s‍aathaan treking aur pahaadi par chadhne ke liye bhi jaana jaata hai jo romaanchakaari khel premiyon ka aadarsh s‍aathaan hai.

Manali

kul‍aaloo se uttar disha mein keval 40 kilo meter ki doori par leh ki or jaane vaale raash‍aatreeya raajamaarg par ghaati ke sire ke paas Manali sthit hai. laahul, s‍aapeeti, baara bhangal (kaangada) aur janas‍aakar parvat shrrunkhala par chadhaai karne vaalon ke liye yeh ek manapasand s‍aathaan hai. mandiron se anokhi cheejon tak, yahaan se manoram drush‍aaya aur romaanchakaari gatividhiyaan Manali ko har mausam aur sabhi prakaar ke yaatriyon ke beech lokapriya banaati hain.

kul‍aaloo

kulloo ghaati ko pehle kulanthapeeth kaha jaata tha. kulanthapeeth ka shaabdik arth hai rahane yog‍aaya duniya ka ant. kul‍aaloo ghaati Bhaarat mein devataaon ki ghaati rahi hai. yahaan ke mandir, seb ke baagaan aur dashahara hajaaron paryatakon ko kul‍aaloo ki or aakarshit karte hain. yahaan ke s‍aathaaneeya has‍aatashil‍aap kul‍aaloo ki sabse badi visheshata hai.

Shimla

Himachal pradesh ki rajdhani aur british kaaleen samay mein greesh‍aam kaaleen rajdhani Shimla raaj‍aaya ka sabse mahat‍aavapoorn paryatan ken‍aadr hai. yahaan ka naam devi sh‍aayaamala ke naam par rakha gaya hai jo kaali ka avataar hai. Shimla lagbhag 7267 feet ki oonchaai par sthit hai aur yeh ardh chakr aakaar mein basa hua hai. yahaan ghaati ka sundar drush‍aaya dikhaai deta hai aur mahaan himaalaya parvati ki chotiyaan chaaron or dikhaai deti hai. Shimla ek pahaadi par faila hua hai jo kareeb 12 varg kilometer kshetr mein hai. iske pados mein ghane jungle aur tedhe-medhe raaste hain, jahaan par har mod par manohaari drushya dekhne ko milte hain. yeh ek aadhunik vyaavasaayik kendra bhi hai. Shimla vishv ka ek mahattvapoorn paryatan sthal hai. yahaan pratyek varsh desh-videsh se badi sankhya mein log bhraman ke liye aate hain. barf se dhaki hui yahaan ki pahaadiyon mein bade sundar drushya dekhne ko milte hain jo paryatakon ko baar-baar aane ke liye aakarshit karte hain. Shimla sangrahaalaya Himachal pradesh ki kala evam sanskruti ka ek anupam namoona hai, jismein yahaan ki vibhinn kalaakrutiyaan visheshakar vaastukala, pahaadi kalam, sookshm kala, lakadiyon par ki gayi nakkaashiyaan, aabhooshan evam anya krutiyaan sangrahit hain. Shimla mein darshaneeya sthalon ke atirikt kai adhyayan kendra bhi hain, jinmein laard dafarin dvaara 1884-88 mein nirmit bhaarateeya uchch adhyayan kendra bahut hi prasiddh hai. yahaan kuchh aitihaasik sarkaari bhavan bhi hain, jaise vaarnes court, gaartan kaisal va vaaisareegal lodge ye bhi bade hi darshaneeya sthal hain. chaidavik jharana bhi ek prasiddh paryatak sthal hai. iske saath hi glen naamak sthal bhi hai. iske sameep bahata hua jharana aur sadaabahaar jungle bahut hi aakarshak hain.

varsh 1971 mein Himachal pradesh ko raajya ka darja milne ke baad yahaan Congress aur bhaajapa ki baari-baari se sarkaarein banti rahi hai.

• vidhaan sabha

Himachal pradesh vidhaan sabha Shimla mein sthit hai. vartamaan Himachal pradesh vidhaanasabha ekasadaneeya hai.

• vidhaanasabha chunaav 2012

November 2012 me Himachal pradesh ki Himachal pradesh vidhaanasabha ke liye hua chunaav tha. Congress ne is chunaav mein jeet haasil ki. 68 seeto mein se 36 seat jeet kar Congress party ne sarkaar banaai.

• sarkaar

November 2012 me Congress ne raajya ka vidhaanasabha chunaav jeeta. veerabhadr Singh raajya ke mukhyamantri bane.

• mukhyamantri

veerabhadr Singh (janm 23 June 1934) Himachal pradesh ke mukhyamantri hain. December 25, 2012 ko unhone mukhyamantri pad ki shapath li.

• Loksabha

Loksabha mein Himachal pradesh ke 4 nirvaachan kshetr hain. kaangada, mandi, Shimla aur hameerapur. Himachal pradesh se chaar sadasya chune jaate hain. pradesh vidhaanasabha mein 68 vidhaanasabha chunaav kshetr hain. Loksabha ke chaar chunaav kshetron ke antargat pratyek chunaav kshetr mein 17-17 vidhaanasabha kshetr aate hain. laahul-speeti, kinnaur tatha bharamaur janajaateeya kshetr hain aur thande va durgam kshetr hain. is kaaran in kshetron mein chunaav praay: garmiyon mein karavaae jaate hain.

sadak maarg is raajya ki yaataayaat ka mukhya maadhyam hai. parantu monsoon aur thand ke mausam mein bhoo-skhalan aur anya vajahon se yeh kaafi baadhit hota hai.

rij Shimla

laahaul ke nikat gaanv

Bhaarat ki 2011 janaganana ke anusaar Himachal pradesh ki kul janasankhya 68,64,602 hai. inmein purushon ki janasankhya 34,81,873 tatha mahilaaon ki janasankhya 33,82,729 hai. 2011 ki janaganana aankadon ke anusaar Himachal pradesh ka ling anupaat 972/1000 aur saaksharata dar 82.8% hai.

raajya ki pramukh bhaashaaon mein hindi, kaaaingadi, pahaadi, punjabi aur mandiyaali shaamil hain. hindu, bauddh aur sikh yahaaain ke pramukh dharm hain. pashchim mein dharmashaala, dalaai laama ki sharan sthali hai.

Himachal pradesh mein chitrakala ka itihaas kaafi samruddh raha hai. pradesh ki chitrakala ka raashtra ke itihaas mein ullekhaneeya yogadaan hai. yahaan ki chitrakala ki sanpada agyaat thi. unneesaveen shataabdi ke uttaraarddh mein Himachal tatha Punjab ke anek sthaanon par chitron ke namoonon ki khoj ki gayi. maitakaaf pratham vyakti the, jinhonne kaangada ke puraatn mahalon mein chitron ki khoj ki guler, sujaanapur teehara tatha kaangada aise hi sthaan the, jahaan par yeh dharohar chhipi hui thi.

Himachal mein anek prakaar ke khanij hote hai. inmein choone ka patthar, dolomaait yukt choone ki patthar, chattaani namak, silika ret aur slet hote hai. yahaan lauh ayask, taanba, chaandi, sheesha, Uranium aur praakrutik gas bhi pai jaati hai.
chattaani namak: chattaani namak mein sthaaneeya bhaasha mein lekhan kaha jaata hai. yeh Bhaarat ki ekamaatr chattaani namak ki Khan hai. maigali mein namakeen paani ko sukhaakar namak taiyaar kiya jaata hai. chattaani namak davaaiyaan aur pashu chaare ke kaam mein prayukt hota hai.
praakrutik tel gais: praakrutik tel gas svaaraghaat (bilaasapur) chaumukh (sundaranagar), chamakol (hameerapur) tatha diyotasiddh (hameerapur) mein pai jaati hai. praakrutik tel gas jvaalaamukhi (kaangada) aur raamashahar (solan) mein bhi pai jaati hai.
slet : pradesh mein slet ki lagbhag 222 chhoti va badi khaane hain. khaniyaara (dharmashaala), mandi, kaangada aur chanba mein achhi maatra mein slet praapt hota hai. mandi mein slet se taailein banaane ka kaarkhaana hai. slet chhatt aur farsh banaane mein prayukt hota hai. achha slet, bhaari himpaat se bhi naheen tootata hai.
silika ret : silika ret, bilaasapur, hameerapur, kaangada, oona aur mandi ki khaddon va naalon mein pai jaati hai. oona jila ke palakava, haroli, baathadi khaddon mein chamakadaar patthar va ret pai jaati hai. yeh bhavan nirmaan, pul, baandh aur sadkein banaane mein prayukt hoti hai.
Uranium : chhinjaraadha, jari (banjaar), dhela, gadhsa ghaati (kulloo) aur hameerapur mein Uranium hone ki sambhaavana ka pata chala hai. yeh naabhikeeya oorja ka srot hai.

pradesh ke vikaas mein sanchaar maadhyam aham bhoomika nibha rahe hai. pradesh ke durgam ilaakon tak in sanchaar maadhyamon ka vistaar ho chuka hai. vartamaan pradesh mein radio, telivijn, doorabhaash, taar, faiks, daak, E-mel, Internet aadi suvidhaaen upalabdh hai. 1914 mein Shimla mein desh ka pratham svachaalit doorabhaash kendra sthaapit kiya gaya tha. paanch November, 1983 ko laahul-speeti ke hikkim kshetr mein vishv ka sarvaadhik oonchaai wala daakaghar khola gaya tha. Shimla mein pradesh ka pratham aakaashavaani kendra khola gaya. hameerapur, dharmashaala, kulloo, kasauli aur kinnaur mein aakaashavaani keind, prasaaran kendra sthaapit kiye gaye hai. tarang tower mandi jila ke jogindar nagar tahaseel mein sthaapit kiya gaya tha.

Himachal pradesh mein kai prakaar se vidyut oorja praapt hoti hai. yeh naabhikeeya srot, jal vidyut, saur oorja, koyale aur petrolium padaarth aadi se praapt hoti hai. Himachal pradesh mein jal vidyut utpaadan ki adhik kshamata hai, kyonki pradesh mein paanch pramukh nadiyaan aur anek sahaayak nadiyaan hain. nadiyon par baandh banaakar jal vidyut utpann ki jaati hai. pradesh mein anek pariyojanaaen hain, jinmein se kuchh to poori ho chuki hain aur kuchh nirmaanaadheen hain, jinka sankshipt vivran nimnalikhit hai.

paung baandh pariyojana- yeh baandh kaangada jila mein vyaas nadi par dehara se 35 kilometer door paung gaanv ki bhoomi par bana hai, jo desh ka sabse ooncha raak-fil daim hai. iski oonchaai 435 foot hai aur is par 160 karod rupae vyaya hue hain. ismein 5.6 million ekad foot paani jama rakha jaata hai, haalaanki ismein kul 6.6 ekad million foot paani jama kiya ja sakta hai.

bhaakhada baandh pariyojana-yeh baandh sataluj nadi par jila bilaasapur ke bhaakhada gaanv mein bana hai, jo san 1948 mein shuroo hokar san 1963 mein bankar taiyaar hua tha. iski oonchaai 226 meter hai. yeh Asia ka sabse ooncha baandh hai. ismein do vidyut ghar hain, jinmein 1200 megawatt bijli paida karne ki kshamata hai. is baandh ke kaaran govind saagar jheel bani hai.

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Himachal pradesh praveshadvaar