Germany
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raashtreeya naara: ekta, nyaaya aur aajaadi (ke liye) |
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| aadhikaarik bhaasha | jarman¹ | |||
| rajdhani | barlin | |||
| sabse bada shahar | barlin | |||
| Chancellor: | aangela mairkel | |||
| raashtrapati: | Joachim Gauck | |||
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kshetrafl - poora - % paani |
61ve sthaan par 349,223 km² 2.416% |
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janasankhya - poori (2004) - Density |
13ve sthaan par 82,424,609 242/km² |
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| sthaapana |
vardun samjhauta (843), January 18, 1871, May 23, 1949 October 3, 1990 |
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GDP - Total (2003) - GDP prati vyakti |
teesare sthaan par $2,271,000 karod $27,600 |
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| mudra | Euro (€) (²) | |||
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Time zone - in summer |
CET (UTC+1) CEST (UTC+2) |
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| raashtragaan | en:Das Lied der Deutschen | |||
| Internet TLD | .de | |||
| Calling Code | +49 | |||
| (¹) denish, Low German, Sorbian, romaani and Frisian are officially recognized and protected as minority languages per the ECRML. (²) Prior to 1999: Deutsche Mark. |
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Germany (jarman: Deutschland dauyachlaant, antarraashtreeya dhvanyaatmak lipi: [ˈaadɔaaɪaatʃaalant]) Europe mahaadveep mein sthit ek desh hai. Germany ki uttari seema par uttari samudra, Denmark aur baaltik samudra, poorab mein Poland aur check ganaraajya, dakshin mein aastriya aur svitjralaind aur pashchim mein France, laksembarg, Belgium aur Netherland hai.
anukram
itihaas
praacheen roman dainyoob nadi ke uttar mein rahane vaale "barbar kabeelon" vaale deshon ko germaaniya (Germania) kaha karte the, jiske naam par angreji shabd Germany pada. ye kabeele Old German bhaasha ki boliyaaain bolte the. dheere-dheere inka isaaikaran hua aur jarman desh isaai pavitra roman saamraajya ka kendra ban gaya.
1990 mein communist poorvi Germany ki marksavaadi sarkaar dhah gayi aur Germany ka vaapis ekeekaran hua.
raajya
Germany mein kul solah raajya hain. inko 493 jilon mein baaainta gaya hai.
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Germany mein kai bade nagar hain |
| kramaank | nagar | janasainkhya |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | barlin | 3442675 |
| 2 | Hamburg | 1774224 |
| 3 | Munich | 1330440 |
| 4 | kolon | 1000660 |
| 5 | frainkafart | 671927 |
| 6 | statagart | 601646 |
| 7 | daseladaurf | 586217 |
| 8 | daurtamund | 581308 |
| 9 | essen | 576259 |
| 10 | bremen | 547685 |
| 11 | henovar | 520966 |
| 12 | lipjig | 518862 |
| 13 | dresaden | 517052 |
| 14 | noornabarg | 503673 |
| 15 | duisabarg | 491931 |
| 16 | bokhum | 376319 |
| 17 | vupartaal | 351050 |
| 18 | bilefed | 323084 |
| 19 | baun | 319841 |
| 20 | mainahem | 311969 |
bhoogol
Germany madhya Europe mein sthit hai, iska kul kshetrafal 357,021 ki.mi.2 hai|
bhaugolik drushti se Germany ke nimnalikhit vibhaag kiye gaye hain :
Germany ka maidaan
is pradesh ki adhiktam chaudaai lagbhag 150 meal hai. himyug ka prabhaav yahaaain ke bhoopatal par spasht dikhaai padta hai. jalapravaah ka vikaas achha naheen hai evam bhoomi him kataav ke kaaran anupajaaoo hai. is bhaag ki mukhya nadiyaaain elbe (Elbe) tatha vejar (Weser) hain. anupajaaoo bhaagon ko Poland ke aadhaar par upajaaoo banaaya ja raha hai.
is pradesh ke mukhya nagaron mein barlin tatha haimavarg hain. yahaaain se Germany ke pratyek kshetr ke liye aavaagaman ke saadhan sulabh hain.
madhya Germany
yeh sampoorn desh ka atyadhik viksit pradesh hai. yahaaain Germany ke vishaal udyog, khanij tatha anya sambandhit udyogon ka vikaas hua hai. yuddhon ke kaaran is bhaag ki atyadhik kshati hui thi. kintu pun: udyog dhandhon ka vikaas kiya gaya hai. yahaaain kapda, resham, loha, ispaat, kaanch, baratan, rasaayanak tatha chamade ke anek kaarkhaane hain.
pramukh nagaron mein dresaden elbe ke tat par sthit hai. laaipasig (Leipzig) mahatvapoorn aavaagaman ka kendra hai, jo uttari evam madhya Germany ke mukhya audyogik nagaron ko milaata hai. is bhaugolik vibhaag ke antargat saiksani evam vestafeliya hain. vestafeliya kshetr khanijon ke liye vishvaprasiddh hai. isi kshetr mein roor (Ruhr) koyala kshetr sthit he, jahaaain prati varsh lagbhag 8,00,00,000 tan koyale ka utkhanan hota hai. is pradesh ke mukhya audyogik nagaron mein esen (Essen) tatha daartamant hai. in nagaron ke kshetr mein kachha loha praapt hota hai. yuddh ke pehle lohe ispaat ka utpaadan yahaaain great Britain ke utpaadan se bhi adhik tha.
dakshini pashchimi Germany
is bhaugolik vibhaag ke antargat raain ghaati tatha sameepavarti pradesh aate hain. yahaaain raain nadi gahari ghaati se hokar pravaahit hoti hai. yeh kshetr krushi tatha aavaagaman ke liye atyadhik mahatvapoorn hai. is ghaati se aavaagaman ke maarg dakshini Europe ke liye besel se hokar svitsaralaind evam Italy ki or jaate hain tatha pashchimi Europe ke liye sevarn gate se hokar peris jaate hain.
raain ghaati ke poorv ki or trikonaatmak roop mein black faarest ka vistrut pradesh hai. is pradesh ki ooainchaai 2,000 se 3,000 foot tak hai. yahaaain ke pramukh nagaron mein nyoorenavarg evam statagaurt (Stuttgart) hain.
moddaar parvatapradesh
iske antargat baveriya (Bavaria) ka bhaag aata hai. yahaaain ki bhoomi anupajaaoo hai. baveriya pramukh nagar tatha kshetreeya rajdhani hai. yeh nagar aaijr nadi ke tat par sthit hai. parvateeya bhaagon ka pradesh atyant ooaincha neecha hai. yahaaain obaraamaragou (Oberammergau) prasiddh darshaneeya kshetr hai.
Germany ki jalavaayu kai prakaar ki hai. uttari Germany mukhyat: uttari-pashchimi Europeeya jalavaayu pradesh ke antargat aata hai. madhya evam dakshini Germany mahaadveepi prakaar ki jalavaayu ke kshetr mein sammilit kiye jaate hain.
jaati, bhaasha aur dharm
poorvi Germany ke nivaasi praaya: samajaateeya hain, yadyapi svaibiynon (Swabians), thurinjiynon (Thuringians) saiksaniynon (Saxonians), prashiynon (Prussians) aadi mein kuchh paraspar bhedamoolak visheshataaeain hain. pashchimi mein lagbhag 99% mool jarman hain. alpasankhyakon mein keval deni (Danes) hain. haal mein poorvi Europe se kuchh log aakar base hain.
jarman raajabhaasha hai. bhinn-bhinn bhaagon mein prayog honevaali boliyaaain jarman ke hi antargat hain.
samvidhaan dvaara dhaarmik svatantrata maanya hai. praaya: roman Catholic aur protestaint log hi basate hain.
sarkaar
arthavyavastha
Germany, ek bahut hi yogya shram shakti, ek badi poonji sampati ke saath ek saamaajik baajaar arthavyavastha hai, jisme bhrashtaachaar nimn star hai| yeh sakal ghareloo utpaad (naamamaatr) ke hisaab se Europe ki pehli aur duniya ki chauthi sabse badi raashtreeya arthavyavastha hai | seva kshetr kul sakal ghareloo utpaad ka 71 pratishat ke aaspaas, udyog 28 pratishat aur krushi 0.9 pratishat yogadaan deta hai | Germany 2003 se 2008 tak vishv ka sabse bada niryaatak tha | 2009, mein yeh doosra sabse bada niryaatak aur teesara sabse bada aayaatak tha | desh ke jyaadaatar niryaat abhiyaantriki vishesh roop se machinery, automobile, raasaayanik vastuon aur dhaatuon ke kshetr mein hai| Germany pavanachakki tarbaain aur saur shakti praudyogiki ka ek pramukh utpaadak hai | hanovar, frainkafart aur barlin mein vaarshik antararaashtreeya vyaapaar melon ka aayojan kiya jaata hai |
bhaasha
Germany ki raashtra bhaasha jarman bhaasha (jarman : deutsch dauich) hai. iski kai praadeshik boliyaaain hain | jarman bhaasha Europeeya sangh ki 23 adhikaarik bhaashaaoain mein se aur Europeeya aayog ki 3 kaaryaalayeen bhaashaaoain mein se ek hai | pravaasiyon dvaara boli jaane waali mukhya bhaashaaoain mein se turkish, kurdish, polish evam rasiyn hain | maanak jarman bhaasha ek pashchimi jarmenik bhaasha hai aur iske angreji, dach evam frisiyn bhaasha se nikat sanbandh hai | adhikaansh jarman shabdaavali hind Europeeya bhaasha parivaar ki jarmenik shaakha se li gayi hai | letin aur greek bhaashaaoain se bhi kaafi shabd liye gaye hain | jarman likhne ke liye letin varnamaala ka upayog kiya jaata hai |
dharm
Germany mein lagbhag ek-tihaai log protesteint isaai hain, ek-tihaai kaitholok isaai aur ek-tihaai naastik hain. adhikaansh isaai bhi keval naamamaatr hi isaai hain.
vigyaan
Germany mein kai jaane maane vaigyaanik yeh chuke hain. Germany ke 101 logon ko Nobel puraskaar mila hai. albart aainstaain aur maiks plaink ne aadhunik bhautiki ke sansthaapana me mahattvapoorn yogadaan diya, jise varnar haaijenabarg aur maiks born ne aage badhaaya. unke pehle helmaholj, fraunahofar aur faarenhaait jaise bhautikvid rah chuke the. rontgeen ne ex re ki khoj ki jiske liye unhein 1901 mein bhautiki ka pehla Nobel puraskaar mila.
FIFA world cup 2014
ye desh 2014 FIFA world cup mein Argentina ko 1-0 se haraakar 22 saal baad vishv vijeta bana.
baahaari kadiyaaain
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vikimeediya kaumans par Germany se sambandhit media hai. |