Congress
Congress ya antararaashtreeya mahaasabha (intaranaishanal kaannafarens) ka abhipraaya antardesheeya pratinidhiyon ki us sabha se hai jo antararaashtreeya prashnon par vichaar, paraamarsh tatha samaadhaan ke hetu bulaai gayi ho.
parichay
in sabhaaon ke uddeshya kai prakaar ke ho sakte hain. paaraspaarik matavirodh, samaadhaan athva antararaashtreeya vidhi mein naveen niyam ki yojana ya sanshodhan, aur kabhi kisi vishesh bhoopradesh ki vastusthiti sambandhi nishchaya– in sabhi prashnon ke spashteekaran ke liye aisi mahaasabhaaeain niyojit hoti hain. udaaharanaarth 1914 E. ki Shimla Congress Bhaarat-cheen-seema nishchit karne, 1899 E. evam 1907 E. ki Hague Congress sthal sambandhi yuddhakaaleen vidhiniym anubaddh karne tatha 1815 E. mein viyna Congress svitjralaid ko tatasthata pradaan karne ke liye bulaai gayi thi.
sabha mein bhaag lenevaale desh apne niyukt pratinidhiyon dvaara sabha ke adhiveshan mein bhaag lete hain. sabha mein ek raajya ki or se ganana mein ekal mat pradaan ki hi vyavastha maani jaati hai chaahe us raajya ke pratinidhiyon ki sankhya kitni hi ho. kuchh samay se kuchh vyakti paryavekshak ke roop mein bhi sabha mein baithate hain, kintu unhein mataadhikaar naheen praapt hota. 1945 E. mein sanyukt raashtrasangh adhikaarapatr sveekaran ke liye sainafaansisko mein jo mahaasabha niyojit hui thi usamein 50 raajyon ke pratinidhiyon ke atirikt anek antararaashtreeya sansthaaon ko paryavekshak roop mein aamantrit kiya gaya tha.
yadi koi raajya kisi prashn ke liye aisi mahaasabha niyojit karna chaahata hai to vah kuchh anya raajyon ko aamantrit karta hai. ve raajya iski sveekruti tabhi dete hain jab yeh spasht kar lete hain ki kaun anya raajya sabha mein sammilit kiye jaaeainge aur kaun naheen. taduparaant raajyon ke pratinidhi poorvanishchit samay tatha sthaan par ekatr ho pratyayapatron ka paraspar viniym karte hain. adhiktar poshit desh ke vaideshik vibhaag ke sachiv ko hi sabha ka pradhaan nirvaachit kar liya jaata hai. sainafऱaaansisko ki mahatvapoorn mahaasabha mein chaar mukhya raajyapratibhoo shaktiyaaain theen. in chaaron ke pratinidhiyon ne kramash: mahaasabha ka pradhaanatv grahan kiya tha. sabha ki kaaryasugamata ke liye kuchh praarambhik samitiyaaain banaai jaati hain jo vaadavivaad ki vishyasaamagri pehle se vyavasthit kar leti hain. vaadavivaad ke uparaant matadaan hota hai jismein sarvasanmati se vishay ka samarthan anivaarya hota hai, anyatha bahumatapraapt prastaav un deshon ko aabaddh naheen karte, jo apna mat prastaav ke viruddh dete hain. yadi prastaav ka sarvasammati se samarthan ho jaata hai to vah likhit roop mein sabke hastaaksharon sahit sabha ka faainal aikt (sarvaatya krutya) athaava jenaral aikt (saamaanya krutya) kahalaata hai.
sandarbh granth
- opanahaaim : intaranaishanal la;
- yooin-li-liaing : hvaat ij ain intaranaishanal kafrons (American journal ov intaranaishanal la; 1950; prushth 333).