Chandigarh
| Chandigarh | |||
| — kendra shaasit pradesh — | |||
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| samay mandal: IST (UTC+5:30) | |||
| desh |
 Bhaarat
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| jila | 1 | ||
| ' | 1952 | ||
| rajdhani | Chandigarh | ||
| sabse bada nagar | Chandigarh | ||
| prashaasak | shivraaj Patil[1] | ||
| saansad | shreemati kiran kher | ||
| mahaapaur | harafool chandra kalyaan[2] | ||
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janasankhya • ghanatv |
9,00,635[3] (29) • 7,900 /kimi2 (20,461 /varg meal) |
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| aadhikaarik bhaasha(eain) | hindi, punjabi evam angreji | ||
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kshetrafal • ooainchaai (AMSL) |
114 ki.mee² (44 varg meal) • 350 meter (1,148 fee॰) |
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vibhinn code
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| ISO 3166-2 | IN-CH | ||
| aadhikaarik jaalasthal: chandigarh.nic.in/ | |||
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paad-tippaniyaaain
Chandigarh shahar mein poorn kendra shaasit pradesh kshetr aata hai.
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| Chandigarh raajachinh | |||
nirdeshaank: 30°a45′aN 76°a47′aE / 30.75°aN 76.78°aE Chandigarh , (punjabi: ਚaaੰaaਡaaੀaaਗaaੜaa੍aaਹ), Bhaarat ka ek kendra shaasit pradesh hai, jo do bhaarateeya raajyon, Punjab (Bhaarat) aur Haryana ki rajdhani bhi hai. iske naam ka arth hai chandi ka kila. yeh hindu devi durga ke ek roop chandika ya chandi ke ek mandir ke kaaran pada hai. yeh mandir aaj bhi shahar mein sthit hai.[4] ise city byooteeful bhi kaha jaata hai. Chandigarh rajdhani kshetr mein Mohali, panchakula aur jeerakapur aate hain, jinki 2001 ki janaganana ke anusaar janasankhya 1165111 (1 karod 16 lakh) hai. Bhaarat ki Loksabha mein pratinidhitv hetu Chandigarh ke liye ek seat aavantit hai. vartamaan solahaveen Loksabha mein bhaarateeya janta party ki shreemati kiran kher yahaaain se saaainsad hain.[5]
antarraashtreeya star par shahari yojanaabaddhata aur vaastu-sthaapatya ke liye prasiddh yeh shahar aadhunik Bhaarat ka pratham yojanaabaddh shahar hai.[6] Chandigarh ke mukhya vaastukaar fraanseesi vaastukaar li kaarboojiyr hain, lekin shahar mein piyre jiyennaret, maithyu noviki evam albart mayor ke bahut se adbhut vaastu namoone dekhe ja sakte hain. shahar ka Bhaarat ke samruddh raajyon aur sangh shasit pradeshon ki soochi mein agrani naam aata hai, jiski prati vyakti aay 99,262 Ru (vartamaan moolya anusaar) evam sthir moolya anusaar 70,361 (2006-07) Ru hai.[7]
anukram
itihaas
british Bhaarat ke vibhaajan uparaant 1947 mein Punjab raajya ko Bhaarat aur Pakistan mein do bhaagon mein baaaint diya gaya tha. iske saath hi raajya ki puraani rajdhani Lahore Pakistan ke bhaag mein chali gayi thi. ab bhaarateeya Punjab ko ek nayi rajdhani ki aavashyakta padi. poorv sthit shaharon ko rajdhani badalne mein aane waali bahut si kathinaaiyon ke falasvaroop ek naye yojanaabaddh rajdhani shahar ki sthaapana ka nishchaya kiya gaya tatha 1952 mein is shahar ki neenv rakhi gayi.[8]
us samay mein Bhaarat mein chal rahi bahut si naveen shahar yojanaaon mein Chandigarh ko praathamikta mili jiska mukhya kaaran ek to nagar ki sthiti aur doosra kaaran tatkaaleen pradhaanamantri Jawahar laal neharu ka niji ruchi hona bhi raha. naye raashtra ke aadhunik pragatisheel drushtikon ke roop mein Chandigarh ko dekhte hue unhonne shahar ko ateet ki paranparaaon se unmukt, raashtra ke bhavishya mein vishvaas ka prateek bataaya. shahar ke bahut se khaake va imaaraton ki vaastu rachana France mein janmein Swiss vaastukaar va nagar-niyojak li kaarbujiye ne 1950 ke dashak mein ki thi. kaarbujiye bhi asal mein shahar ke dviteeya vaastukaar the, jiska mool master plaan Amreeki vaastukaar-niyojak albart mayor ne tab banaaya tha, jab ve Poland mein janme vaastukaar maithyu noviki ke sang kaaryarat the. 1950 mein noviki ki asaamayik mrutyu ke chalte kaarboojiyr ko pariyojana mein sthaan mila tha.
1 November, 1966 ko Punjab ke hindi-bhaashi poorvi bhaag ko kaatkar Haryana raajya ka gathan kiya gaya, jabki punjabi-bhaashi pashchimi bhaag ko vartamaan Punjab hi rahane diya tha. Chandigarh shahar donon ke beech seema par sthit tha, jise donon raajyon ki sanyukt rajdhani ke roop mein ghoshit kiya gaya aur saath hi sangh shaasit kshetr bhi ghoshit kiya gaya tha. 1952 se 1966 tak ye shahar maatr Punjab ki rajdhani raha tha.[9] August 1985 mein tatkaaleen pradhaan mantri Rajiv Gandhi aur akaali dal ke sant harachand Singh longovaal ke beech hue samjhaute ke anusaar, Chandigarh ko 1986 mein Punjab mein sthaanaantarit hona tay hua tha. iske saath hi Haryana ke liye ek nayi rajdhani ka srujan bhi hona tha, kintu kuchh prashaasanik kaaranon ke chalte is sthaanaantaran mein vilamb hua. is vilamb ke mukhya kaaranon mein dakshini Punjab ke kuchh hindi-bhaashi gaaainvon ko Haryana aur pashchim Haryana ke punjabi-bhaashi gaaainvon ko Punjab ko dene ka vivaad tha.
15 July 2007 ko Chandigarh pratham bhaarateeya gair-dhoomrapaan kshetr ghoshit hua. saarvajanik sthaanon par dhoomrapaan nishedh hai aur Chandigarh prashaasan ke niyamon ke tahat dandaneeya aparaadh hai.[10] iska baad 2 October 2008 ko raashtrapita mahaatma Gandhi ke janm-diwas par shahar mein pauleetheen ki thailiyon ke prayog par poorn nishedh laagoo ho gaya.[11]
bhoogol tatha jalavaayu
Chandigarh himaalaya ki shivaalik parvatamaala ki taraai mein Bhaarat ke uttar-pashchim mein sthit hai. shahar ka kshetrafl lagbhag 44 varg meal (114 ki.mi.²) hai. iski seemaaen poorv mein Haryana, uttar, pashchim aur dakshin mein Punjab (Bhaarat) se lagti hain. shahar ke sahi sahi bhoogoleeya nirdeshaank 30°a44′aN 76°a47′aE / 30.74°aN 76.79°aE hain.[12] yahaaain samudra-satah se ausat oonchaai 321 mi.(1053 feet) hai.
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shahar ke sameepasth jilon mein Haryana ke Ambala aur panchakula tatha Punjab ke Mohali, Patiala aur ropad jile hain. iske uttari bhaag se Himachal pradesh ki seemaaen adhik door naheen hain. shahar ki jalavaayu up-ushnakatibndheeya mahaadveepeeya monsoon prakaar ki hai; jismein ooshm greeshm kaal, kuchh sheetal sheetakaal, avishvasaneeya varsha aur taapamaan mein bade antar (-1 °ase. seo 41.2 °ase.) ka anumaan rahata hai. sheetakaal mein December va January ke maah mein kabhi-kabhaar kohara ho sakta hai. ausat vaarshik varsha 1110.7 mi.mi hoti hai. shahar ko kai baar pashchim se lautate monsoon ki sheetakaaleen varsha ka anubhav bhi milta hai.
ausat taapamaan
- vasant: vasant ritu (madhya-February se madhya March aur fir madhya September se madhya October tak) mein mausam suhaavana rahata hai. adhiktam taapamaan 16° seinteegred se 25° seinteegred aur nyoonatam taapamaan 9° seinteegred se 18° seinteegred ke beech rahata hai.
- patajhad: otam mein (madhya March-April), taapamaan adhiktam 36° seinteegred tak pahunch sakta hai. is samay nyoonatam taapamaan 16° se 27° tak rahata hai. vaise nyoonatam ankit taapamaan 13°ase. hai.
- greeshm: greeshm-kaal mein (madhya May se madhya June) taapamaan 46.5° seinteegred (kadaachit) tak ja sakta hai. saamaanyat: taapamaan 35° seinteegred se 40° seinteegred ke beech rahata hai.
- varsha: monsoon ke dauraan (madhya June se madhya September), shahar ko madhyam se bhaari varsha milti hai, jo kabhi kabhaar bhaari se atyadhik bhaari bhi ho sakti hai (praay: August ya September). saamaanyat: aardr monsoon vaayu dakshin-pashchim/ dakshin-poorv se bahti hai. shahar ko bhaari varsha dakshin vaayu se milti hai, kintu monsoon ki varsha uttar-pashchim uaa uttar-poorv disha se aati hai. monsoon kaal mein Chandigarh mein hui ekadivseeya adhiktam varsha 195.5 mi.mi ankit hai.
- sheetakaal: yahaaain jaade (November se madhya March) achhe thande hote hain aur ye kai baar bahut thande bhi ho sakte hain. sheetakaaleen ausat taapamaan (adhiktam) 7° seinteegred se 15° seinteegred evam (nyoon) -2° seinteegred se 5° seinteegred tak ho sakta hai. is samay varshaaen kam hi hoti hain, kintu 2-3 divseeya varsha sambhav hai, jo ole aur aandhi ke sang pashchim se aa sakti hai.
paadap aur jantu
adhikaansh Chandigarh bargad aur yookeliptas ke bageechon se bhara hua hai. ashok, kaisiya, shahatoot va anya vruksh bhi yahaaain ki shobha badhaate hain. shahar ko ghere hue bada vanya-kshetr hai jismein anek jantu va paadap prajaatiyaan falati-foolati hain. hiran, saanbhar, kutta harin, tote, kadhfodve evam mor sanrakshit vanon mein nivaas karte hain. sukhana jheel mein battakhon aur geej pravaasi pakshiyon ko aakarshit karte hain, jo Japan aur saaiberiya kshetron se udkar jaadon mein yahaaain aate hain va jheel ki shobha badhaate hain. shahar mein ek shuk abhayaaranya bhi hai, jismein pakshiyon ki anek prajaatiyaan dekhne ko milti hain.
prashaasan
Chandigarh prashaasan samvidhaan ki dhaara 239 ke tahat niyukt kiye gaye prashaasak ke adheen kaaryarat hai. shahar ka prashaasanik niyantran Bhaarat sarkaar ke gruh mantraalaya ke paas hai. vartamaan mein Punjab ke raajyapaal hi Chandigarh ke prashaasak hote hain. prashaasak ka salaahakaar ek akhil bhaarateeya sevaaon se niyukt ati-varishth adhikaari hota hai. ye adhikaari prashaasak ke baad sarve-sarva hota hai. is adhikaari ka star bhaarateeya prashaasanik seva mein A.ji.M.you kaidar ka hota hai.
- upaayukt: bhaarateeya prashaasanik seva ka adhikaari jo Chandigarh ke saamaanya prashaasan ki dekharekh karta hai.
- van upasanrakshak: bhaarateeya van seva ka adhikaari, jo vanya prabandhan, paryaavaran, vanya-jeevan evam pradooshan niyantran ke liye uttaradaayi hota hai.
- varishth adheekshak (police): bhaarateeya police seva ka adhikaari, jo shahar mein vidhi evam nyaaya vyavastha banaaye rakhane evam sambandhit vishyon ke liye uttaradaayi hota hai.
uparokt teen adhikaari akhil bhaarateeya sevaaon ke A.ji.M.you, Haryana ya Punjab kaidar se hote hain.
janasaankhyiki
| Chandigarh ki janasankhya | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| janaganana | janasankhya | %± | |
| 1961 | 1,19,881 |
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| 1971 | 2,57,251 | 114.6% | |
| 1981 | 4,51,610 | 75.6% | |
| 1991 | 6,42,015 | 42.2% | |
| 2001 | 9,00,635 | 40.3% | |
| source:Census of India[13] | |||
2001 ki Bhaarat ki janaganana ke anusaar,[14] Chandigarh ki kul janasankhya 9,00,635 hai, jiske anusaar 7900 vyakti prati varg ki॰mee॰ ka ghanatv hota hai. ismein purushon ka bhaag kul janasankhya ka 56% aur striyon ka 44% hai. shahar ka ling anupaat 777 striyaan prati 1000 purush hain, jo desh mein nyoonatam hai. ausat saaksharata dar 81.9% hai, jo raashtreeya ausat saaksharata dar 64.8 se adhik hai. ismein purush dar 86.1% evam stri saaksharata dar 76.5% hai. yahaaain ki 12% janasankhya chh: varsh se neeche ki hai. mukhya dharmon mein hindu (78.6%), sikh (16.1%), islaam (3.9%) evam isaai (0.8% hain.[15] hindi evam punjabi Chandigarh ki boli jaane waali pramukh bhaashaaen hain, haalaaainki aajkal angreji bhi prachalit hoti ja rahi hai. tamil-bhaashi log teesara sabse bada samooh banaate hain. shahar ke logon ka ek chhota bhaag urdu bhi bolata hai.
Chandigarh mein rahane vaale Haryana va Punjab ke pravaasi log bhi bade pratishat mein hain, jo yahaaain ki vyaavasaayik riktiyon ko bharne hetu va dhanopaarjan mein lage hain. ye log shahar ke vibhinn sarkaari vibhaagon va niji vyavasaayon mein kaaryarat hain.
arth-vyavastha
shiksha
Chandigarh samast uttar Bhaarat mein ek pramukh shiksha kendra ke roop mein jaana jaata hai. najdeeki raajyon Punjab, Haryana, Himachal, Jammu-Kashmir va uttaraakhand aadi se bhaari sankhya mein vidyaarthi yahaaain aate hain.
- Punjab vishvavidyaalaya
- peejeeaaiemaiaar(PGIMER)
- Punjab injiniyring college
yaataayaat
paryatan
Punjab aur Haryana ki rajdhani Chandigarh Bhaarat ke sabse khoobsoorat aur niyojit shaharon mein ek hai. is kendra shaasit pradesh ko prasiddh fraanseesi vaastukaar li korboojiyr ne abhiklpit kiya tha. is shahar ka naam ek doosare ke nikat sthit chandi mandir aur gadh kile ke kaaran pada jise Chandigarh ke naam se jaana jaata hai. shahar mein badi sankhya mein park hain jinmein lesar valley, Rajendra park, bautonikl garden, smruti upavan, topiyaari upavan, terasd garden aur shaanti kunj pramukh hain. Chandigarh mein lalit kala academy, saahitya academy, praacheen kala kendra aur kalcharal complex ko bhi dekha ja sakta hai.
kaipitl complex
yahaaain Haryana aur Punjab ke anek prashaasanik bhavan hain. vidhaanasabha, uchch nyaayaalaya aur sachivaalaya aadi imaaratein yahaaain dekhi ja sakti hain. yeh complex samakaaleen vaastushilp ka ek behatareen udaaharan hai. yahaaain ka open hand smaarak kala ka uttam namoona hai.
rock garden
Chandigarh aane vaale paryatak rock garden aana naheen bhoolate. is garden ka nirmaan nekachand ne kiya tha. ise banavaane mein audyogik aur shahari kachare ka istemaal kiya gaya hai. paryatak yahaaain ki moortiyon, mandiron, mahalon aadi ko dekhkar acharaj mein pad jaatein hain. har saal is garden ko dekhne hajaaron paryatak aate hain. garden mein jharanon aur jalakund ke alaava open air theatre bhi dekha ja sakta, jahaaain anek prakaar ki saanskrutik gatividhiyaan hoti rahati hain.
roj garden
jaakir husain roj garden ke naam se vikhyaat yeh garden Asia ka sabse bada roj garden hai. yahaaain gulaab ki 1600 se bhi adhik kismein dekhi ja sakti hain. garden ko bahut khoobsoorti se design kiya gaya hai. anek prakaar ke rangeen favvaare iski sundarata mein chaar chaaaind lagaate hain. har saal yahaaain gulaab parv aayojit hota hai. is mauke par badi sankhya mein logon ka yahaaain aana hota hai.
sukhana jheel
yeh maanav nirmit jheel 3 varg kimi. ke kshetr mein faili hui hai. iska nirmaan 1958 mein kiya gaya tha. anek pravaasi pakshiyon ko yahaaain dekha ja sakta hai. jheel mein boting ka aanand lete samay door-door faile pahaadiyon ke sundar najaaron ke saath-saath sooryaast ke najaare bhi yahaaain se bade manamohak dikhaai dete hain.
sangrahaalaya
Chandigarh mein anek sangrahaalaya hain. yahaaain ke sarkaari sangrahaalaya aur kala deergha mein gaandhaar shaili ki anek moortiyon ka sangrah dekha ja sakta hai. yeh moortiyaan bauddh kaal se sambandhit hain. sangrahaalaya mein anek laghu chitron aur praagaitihaasik kaaleen jeevaashm ko bhi rakha gaya hai. antarraashtreeya dauls myujiym mein duniya bhar ki gudiyaaon aur kathaputiyon ko rakha gaya hai.
sukhana vanyajeev abhyaaranya
lagbhag 2600 hekteyar mein faile is abhyaaranya mein badi sankhya mein vanyajeev aur vanaspatiyaan pai jaati hain. moolaroop se yahaaain paae jaane vaale jaanvaron mein bandar, kharagosh, gilhari, saahi, saanbhar, bhediye, jangali shookar, jangali billi aadi shaamil hain. iske alaava sareesrupon ki anek prajaatiyon bhi yahaaain dekhi ja sakti hain. abhyaaranya mein pakshiyon ki vividh prajaatiyon ko bhi dekha ja sakta hai.
raajaneeti
Bhaarat ki Loksabha mein Chandigarh ke liye ek seat aavantit hai. vartamaan solahaveen Loksabha mein yahaaain ka pratinidhitv shreemati kiran kher kar rahi hain jo ki bhaarateeya janta party se sambaddh hain. isse pehle Congress ke shri pavan bansal yahaaain se saaainsad the jo ki ek samay mein Bhaarat ke rel mantri bhi bane.
Punjab ke raajyapaal hi Chandigarh ke prashaasak hote hain. vartamaan mein Chandigarh ke prashaasak shri kaptaan Singh solainki hain.[16]
Haryana tatha Punjab ki sanyukt rajdhani hone ke kaaran raajaneetik roop se donon hi pradeshon ke neta is shahar par apna-apna daava jataate rahate hain.
aavaagaman
- vaayu maarg
Chandigarh airport city center se kareeb 11 kimi. ki doori par, Delhi maarg par hai. desh ke pramukh shaharon se yahaaain ke liye niyamit udaanein hain.
- rel maarg
Chandigarh railway station city center se kareeb 8 kimi. door sthit hai. yeh railway station shahar ko desh ke anya hisson se relamaarg dvaara jodta hai. Delhi se yahaaain ke liye pratidin trene hain.
- sadak maarg
raashtreeya raajamaarg 21 aur 22 Chandigarh ko desh ke anya hisson se sadak maarg dvaara jodte hain. Delhi, Jaipur, gvaaliyr, Jammu, Shimla, kulloo, kasauli, Manali, amrutasar, Jalandhar, ludhiyaana, haridvaar, deharaadoon aadi shaharon se yahaaain ke liye niyamit bas sevaaen hain.
khelakood ke sthaan
- Mohali stadium,Mohali
- Chandigarh cricket stadium, (sector- 16)
- Chandigarh golf club, sector 6
- panchakula golf club, sector 3
- hockey stadium, sector 42
- kairam stadium, seint steefeins school, sector - 46
- rolar sketing rink, sector 10
- badminton haal, sector 7
- sviming pool sector 23
- shooting range, patiyaali Rao
- athaletik club, sector 7
pramukh udyaan
- roj garden, sector 16
- boganaveliya garden, sector 3
- Japani udyaan, sector 16
- topiyri garden, sector 35
- fraigareins garden, sector 36
- leejar valley, sector 10
- myoojikl faaunten park, sector 33
- sukhana lek udyaan, sector 6
- kaiktas garden panchakula
- raak garden Chandigarh, sector 1
- Rajendra udyaan, sector 1
- silvi park, phase 10 Mohali
- botainikl garden, khudda laahora
Chandigarh se prakaashit pramukh (dainik) samaachaarapatr
angreji
- the tribyoon-Punjab ke sabse puraane akhbaaron mein se ek.
- the Indian express
- Hindustan taaims
- the taaims of India, the ikaanaamik taaims, the business taaims
- the pioneer
- business laain
hindi
- dainik Hindustan
- Punjab kesari
- dainik jaagaran
- dainik bhaaskar
- amar ujaala
- dainik tribyoon : the tribyoon ka hindi sanskaran
- ilektraanik tude
punjabi
- punjabi tribyoon
- deshasevak CPI se sambaddh samaachaarapatr
- rojaana spoksamain
- jagabaani
pramukh naagrik
- neeraja bhanot,
- jeev milkha Singh
- kapildev, bhaarateeya cricketer
- milkha Singh, dhaavak
- balabeer Singh, antarraashtreeya hockey khilaadi
- ji S sarakaariya, panchakula kaiktas garden ke janmadaata
- nekachand, raak garden ke nirmaata
- Yuvraj Singh, bhaarateeya cricketer
- sabeer Bhatia, hautamel ke sansthaapak
sandarbh
- ↑ http://chandigarh.nic.in/admn_struc.htm
- ↑ http://chandigarh.nic.in/admn_struc.htm
- ↑ bhaarateeya janaganana
- ↑ aadhikaarik sarkaari jaalasthal
- ↑ bhaarateeya chunaav aayog ki adhisoochana, nai Delhi
- ↑ Bhaarat ka vyavasaaya portal, (angreji)
- ↑ [1]
- ↑ http://chandigarh.nic.in/knowchd_general.htm
- ↑ Chandigarh sarkaar prashaasan jaalasthal
- ↑ http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Cities/Chandigarh/Smoke_out_smoking_violations_/articleshow/3551323.cms
- ↑ http://chandigarh.nic.in/WriteReadData%5Cnotification%5Cnot_env684_300708.pdf
- ↑ fauling ren jeenomiks, ink - Chandigarh
- ↑ "Census population" (PDF). Census of India. http://sampark.chd.nic.in. http://sampark.chd.nic.in/images/State_2006/StatisticalAbstract2004/Areapopulation/area_pop_tab2.1.pdf. abhigman tithi: 2008-06-04.
- ↑ "Bhaarat ki janaganana 2001: 2001 ki janaganana ke aaainkade, mahanagar, nagar aur gram sahit (anantim)". bhaarateeya janaganana aayog. http://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999. abhigman tithi: 2007-09-03.
- ↑ bhaarateeya janaganana
- ↑ "Administrative Structure". http://chandigarh.gov.in/admn_struc.htm. abhigman tithi: 1 February 2016.