Bhaarat mein aatankvaad

is lekh ko vyaakaran, shaili, sansanjan, lahaje athva vartani ke liye pratilipi sampaadan ki aavashyakta ho sakti hai. aap ise sanpaadit karke madad kar sakte hain. (April 2009)

is lekh mein satyaapan hetu atirikt sandarbh athva sroton ki aavashyakta hai. krupaya vishvasaneeya srot jodkar is lekh mein sudhaar karein. srotaheen saamagri ko chunauteedi ja sakti hai aur hataaya bhi ja sakta hai. (June 2009)

Bhaarat bahut samay se aatankvaad ka shikaar ho raha hai. Bhaarat ke kaashmeer, naagaalaind, Punjab, asam, Bihar aadi vishesharoop se aatank se prabhaavit rahe hain. yahaaain kai prakaar ke aatankvaadi hai jaise Pakistani, islaami, maaovaadi, naksali, sikh, isaai aadi.

jo kshetr aaj aatankvaadi gatividhiyon se lambe samay se jude hue hain unamein Jammu-Kashmir, Mumbai, madhya Bhaarat (naksalavaad) aur saat bahan raajya (uttar poorv ke saat raajya) (svatantrata aur svaayattata ke maamale mein) shaamil hain. ateet mein Punjab mein panape ugravaad mein aantakavaadi gatividhiyaan shaamil ho gayeen jo Bhaarat desh ke Punjab raajya aur desh ki rajdhani Delhi tak faili hui theen.

2006 mein desh ke 608 jilon mein se kam se kam 232 jile vibhinn teevrata star ke vibhinn vidrohi aur aatankvaadi gatividhiyon se peedit the.^[1] August 2008 mein raashtreeya suraksha salaahakaar M.ke. Narayanan ka kehna tha ki desh mein 800 se adhik aatankvaadi gut sakriya hain.^[2]

Bhaarat mein haal mein hue kuchh bade aatankvaadi hamle ka ghatnaakram (ulate kram mein) is prakaar hai-

mumbai, 13 June 2011 : teen sthaanon par bam visfot. bees se adhik mrut tatha saikadon ghaayal.

February, 2010: Maharashtra ke Pune shahar ki mashahoor jarman bakery ko aatankvaadiyon ne nishaana banaaya. ismein 16 log maare gaye, jinmein se kaafi videshi bhi the. ek baar fir Indian mujaahideen ko jimmedaar thaharaaya gaya.

Mumbai, 26 November 2008 : Bhaarat ki aarthik rajdhani Mumbai mein aatankvaadiyon ne ghuskar teen dinon tak dahashat failaai. paanchasitaara hotelon aur relve station par hue bam dhamaakon mein 166 log maare gaye. Bhaarat ke black kait commando ki kaarravaai mein Pakistani naagrik Aamir Ajmal kasaab ko chhod kar saare aatankvaadi maare gaye. hamle ki saajish Pakistan mein rache jaane ki pushti hui.

asam, 30 October 2008 : asam mein 18 aatankvaadi hamlon mein kam se kam 77 log maare gaye aur sau se jyaada log ghaayal ho gaye.

Imphal, 21 October 2008 : manipur police commando parisar ke najadeek shaktishaali visfot mein 17 log maare gaye.

maalegaaainv (Maharashtra), 29 September 2008 : bheedbhaad vaale baajaar mein motorcycle mein rakhe visfotakon ke visfot hone se paaainch logon ki maut.

modaasa (Gujarat), 29 September 2008 : ek masjid ke najadeek kam teevrata vaale bam visfot mein ek ki maut, kai ghaayal.

nai Delhi, 27 September 2008 : maharauli ke bheedbhaad vaale baajaar mein bam feinkane se teen logon ki maut.

nai Delhi, 13 September 2008 : shahar ke vibhinn hisson mein chhah bam visfoton mein 26 logon ki maut.

Ahmedabad, 26 July 2008 : do ghante se kam samay ke bheetar 20 bam visfoton mein 57 logon ki maut.

Bengaluru, 25 July 2008 : kam teevrata ke bam visfot mein ek vyakti ki maut.

Jaipur, 13 May 2008 : silsilevaar bam visfot mein 68 logon ki maut.

Rampur, January 2008 : Rampur mein CRPF shivir par aatankvaadi hamle mein aath ki maut.

Ajmer, October 2007 : Rajasthan ke Ajmer shareef mein ramajaan ke samay dargaah ke andar visfot mein do ki maut.

Hyderabad, August 2007 : Hyderabad mein aatankvaadi hamle mein 30 ki maut, 60 ghaayal.

Hyderabad, May 2007 : Hyderabad ki makka masjid mein visfot mein 11 ki maut.

February 2007 : Bhaarat se Pakistan jaane waali train mein do bam visfoton mein kam se kam 66 yaatri jal mare, jinmein adhiktar Pakistani the.

maalegaaainv, September 2006 : maalegaaainv ke ek masjid mein dohare bam visfot mein 30 logon ki maut aur sau log ghaayal.

Mumbai, July 2006 : Mumbai ki trainon mein saat bam visfoton mein 200 se jyaada logon ki maut aur 700 anya ghaayal.

Varanasi, March 2006 : Varanasi ke ek mandir aur railway station par dohare bam visfot mein 20 logon ki maut.

October 2005 : deevaali se ek din pehle nai Delhi ke vyast baajaaron mein teen bam visfoton mein 62 logon ki maut aur saikadon log ghaayal.

Mumbai

Mumbai jyaadaatar aatankvaadi sangathanon ka sabse pasandeeda lakshya raha hai, mukhya roop se Kashmir ki alagaavavaadi taakaton ka. pichhle kuchh varshon mein jin hamlon ki shrunkhalaaon ko anjaam diya gaya unamein July 2006 mein lokal trainon mein hue visfot aur bilkul haal mein 26 November 2008 ko hue abhootapoorv hamle shaamil hain jahaan do mukhya hotelon aur dakshin Mumbai mein sthit ek imaarat par kabja kar liya gaya tha.

Mumbai mein hue aatankvaadi hamlon mein shaamil hain:*

• 12 March 1993 - 1993 Mumbai ka bamakaand
• 6 December 2002 - ghaatakopar mein ek bas mein bam visfot kar 2 logon ki hatya
• 27 January 2003 - vile paarle mein ek cycle par bam fatne se 1 vyakti ki maut
• 14 March 2003 - mulund mein ek train mein bam fatne se 10 log maare gaye
• 28 July 2003 - ghaatakopar mein ek bas mein bam visfot kar 4 ki hatya
• 25 August 2003 - jhaveri baajaar aur getave of India ke paas kaaron mein rakhe do bamon ke fatne se 50 log maare gaye
• 11 July 2006 - trainon mein saat shrunkhalaabaddh bam visfoton mein 209 ki maut hui
• 26 November 2008 se 29 November 2008 - 26 November 2008 Mumbai mein shreneebaddh goleebaari
• 13 July 2011 - 3 bam visfo

Jammu-Kashmir mein sashastr vidroh mein ab tak das hajaar se adhik logon ki jaanein gayi hain.^{[tathya vaanchhit]} Kashmir mein ugravaad vibhinn roopon mein maujood hai. varsh 1989 ke baad se ugravaad aur uske daman ki prakriya, donon ki vajah se hajaaron log maare gaye. 1987 ke ek vivaadit chunaav ke saath Kashmir mein bade paimaane par sashastr ugravaad ki shurooaat hui, jismein raajya vidhaanasabha ke kuchh tatvon ne ek aatankvaadi kheme ka gathan kiya, jisne is kshetr mein sashastr vidroh mein ek utprerak ke roop mein bhoomika nibhaai. [10] [11] Bhaarat dvaara Pakistan ke intar intelligence services dvaara Jammu aur Kashmir mein ladne ke liye mujaahiddeen [12][13]ka samarthan karne aur prashikshan dene ke liye doshi thaharaaya jaata raha hai. [14] [15] Jammu aur Kashmir vidhaanasabha (bhaarateeya dvaara niyantrit) mein jaari sarkaari aankadon ke anusaar yahaan lagbhag 3,400 aise maamale the jo laapata the aur sangharsh ke kaaran yatha July 2009 tak 47000 log maare gaye. baharahaal, Pakistan aur Bhaarat ke beech shaanti prakriya teji se badhne ke kram mein raajya mein ugravaad se sambandhit mauton ki sankhya mein thodi kami hui hai. [16]

Bihar

haalaanki raajya mein aatankvaad ko ek pramukh mudde ke taur par vichaar naheen kiya hai, jahaan bhaakapa-maale (CPI-ML), people's vaar, MMC, ranaveer sena aur balabeer milishiya jaise kuchh samooh sakriya hain aur ve aksar sthaaneeya police aur netaaon par hamla karte hain jo ek badi chinta ka vishay bana hua hai.

Bihar mein lachar prashaasan aur kaanoon aur vyavastha ki sthiti ne milishiya (naagrik sena ya ladaake) ke khataron mein vruddhi mein madad ki hai. ranaveer sena agadi jaati aur bhoomi maalikon ki naagrik sena hai jo is kshetr mein shaktishaali naksaliyon ke prabhaav se mukaabale ke liye gathit ki gayi hai.

yeh raajya in jaateeya samoohon aur anya samoohon dvaara ki gayi javaabi kaarravaai se hui narasanhaar ki kai ghatnaaon ka pratyakshadarshi raha hai. sabhi naagrik senaaen kuchh jaati samoohon ke hiton ka pratinidhitv karti hain.

in samoohon ki hinsa ka mukhya shikaar asahaaya log hue hain (mahilaaen, boodhe aur bachche bhi) jo jaatigt kaaranon se hue narasanhaar mein maare gaye hain. raajya police ki khastaahaali ke kaaran use aatankvaadiyon ke AK-47, AK-56 ka mukaabala apni puraani 303 raaifalon se karna padta hai. ugravaadi police dalon ko maarane ke liye ghaat lagaakar baaroodi surangon ka bhi istemaal karte hain.

raajya mein aatankvaadi gatividhiyon ka mool kaaran vibhinn jaateeya samoohon ke beech bhaari asamaanata hai. yeh maana jaata tha ki aajaadi ke baad bhoomi sudhaaron ko laagoo kiya jaayega jisse neechi jaati aur gareebon ko us jameen mein se hissa milega jo us samay tak jyaadaatar uchch jaati ke logon ke paas thi.

haalaanki raajya mein jaati ke aadhaar par vibhaajanakaari raajaneeti ke kaaran bhoomi sudhaar ko theek tarah se laagoo naheen kiya gaya. isse nimn jaati ke beech alagaav ki bhaavana badhti gayi.

bhaakapa-maale, MCC aur people's vaar jaise saamyavaadi samoohon ne iska faayda uthaaya aur nimn jaati ke logon ko vyavastha ke khilaaf hathiyaar uthaane ke liye bhadkaaya jise ameeron ke haath ke aujaar ke taur par dekha jaata tha. unhonne oonchi jaati ke ameeron ki hatya kar unki jmeenon ko hathiyaana shuroo kar diya.

uchch jaati ke logon ne apne bachaav va naksaliyon se mukaabale ke liye apni sena ranaveer sena ka gathan kiya. raajya ne in samoohon dvaara apni shreshthata saabit karne ki koshish mein ki gayi saamoohik hatyaaon ka khooni daur bhi dekha. police ne koi kaarravaai naheen ki aur in hatyaaon ki mook saakshi bani rahi.

lekin ab ranaveer sena apne sheersh netaaon ki giraftaari ke baad kaafi had tak kamjor ho gayi hai. anya samooh abhi bhi sakriya hain.

haal hi mein desh ke vibhinn bhaagon mein kai girftaariyaan hui hain, khaas taur par Delhi aur Mumbai police dvaara, jisse is baat ke sanket mile hain ki ativaadi/aatankvaadi sangathan raajya mein apna network faila rahe hain. is baat ka bhi bahut adhik sandeh hai ki Bihar ka istemaal chhote hathiyaar, jaali mudra aur nasheele padaarthon ke deelaron dvaara Nepal se pravesh ke liye paaragaman bindu ke taur par kiya jaata hai aur aatankvaadi kathit taur par Nepal aur bangalaadesh se ghuspaith karte rahate hain.

haalaanki, haal ke varshon mein vibhinn jaateeya samoohon ke hamle kam hue hain jo sarkaar ke behtar kaamkaaj ka nateeja hai.

Punjab

1970 ke dashak ke dauraan bhaarateeya harit kraanti se Punjab ke sikh samudaaya ki aarthik samruddhi mein vruddhi hui. is pravrutti ne sikh samudaaya ke ek yug puraane bhaya ko bhadkaaya ki hindu samaaj unka shoshan kar raha hai, jisse sikh aatankavaadion ki sankhya mein vruddhi hui.

1980 ke dashak ke dauraan ugravaad tej ho gaya, jab aandolan ne hinsak mod liya aur khaalistaan naam fir praasangik ho utha aur bhaarateeya sangh se svatantr hone ki maang ki gayi. jaranail Singh bhindaraanvaale ke netrutv mein aandolan ki maangon ki poorti ke liye aatankvaad ka upayog shuroo kiya gaya, haalaanki ve khaalistaan ke nirmaan ke na to samarthak the aur na hi uske virodhi. jab Bhaarat ne yeh aarop lagaaya ki padosi desh Pakistan in aatankvaadiyon ko samarthan de raha hai, use 1983-4 mein sikhon ka vyaapak samarthan haasil ho gaya aur maamale ne khooni mod le liya.

1984 mein Bhaarat sarkaar ne aandolan ko jad se ukhaad feinkane ke liye operation blue star shuroo kiya. svarn mandir parisar mein hamla kiya gaya, jiski sant bhindaraanvaale ne sena ke hamle ke liye kilebandi ki taiyaari kar li thi. Bhaarat ki tatkaaleen pradhaanamantri indira Gandhi ne sena ko aadesh diya ki vah mandir par dhaava bolein, jisne antat: tainkon ka istemaal kiya tha.

chauhattar ghante ki goleebaari ke baad sena ko mandir par niyantran karne mein safalta haath lagi. aisa karne mein akaal takht ke kuchh hisse, sikh sandarbh pustakaalaya aur swayam svarn mandir ke kuchh hisson mein kshati pahunchi. Bhaarat sarkaar ke sootron ke anusaar tiraasi sainya karmi ismein maare gaye aur 249 ghaayal ho gaye. maare gaye aatankvaadiyon ki sankhya 493 thi aur chhiyaasi ghaayal hue.

usi varsh ke do sikh angarakshakon dvaara indira Gandhi ki hatya kar di gayi jise svarn mandir maamale se utprerit maana jaata hai, jiske vyaapak virodh ke parinaamasvaroop sikh dange hue, vishesh roop se nayi Delhi mein. uske baad 1988 mein Punjab police ne pehle jooliyo ribero aur uske pashchaat KPS gil ke netrutv mein bhaarateeya thal sena ke saath milkar operation black thandar chalaaya jisne aandolan ko bhoomigat hone ke liye majaboor karne mein safalta arjit ki.

1985 mein sikh aatankvaadiyon ne Canada se Bhaarat aa rahe air India ke vimaan mein bam visfot kiya jisse air India udaan 182 mein savaar sabhi 329 yaatri maare gaye. yeh Canada ke itihaas mein sabse jyaada bhayaavah aatankvaadi kaarravaai hai.

sikh aatankvaad ki samaapti aur khaalistaan ki maang ke mukhya srot tab nasht hue jab Pakistan ki tatkaaleen pradhaanamantri benajeer bhutto ne ek sadbhaavana sanket ke roop mein Bhaarat sarkaar ko Punjab ke aatankvaad se sambandhit sabhi khufiya saamagri saunp di. Bhaarat sarkaar ne khufiya jaankaariyon ka istemaal Bhaarat mein ho rahe aantakavaadi hamlon ke peechhe sakriya logon ka khaatma karne mein kiya.

1993 mein pratyaksh sikh aatankvaad ki samaapti ke baad apekshaakrut shaant avadhi mein aatankvaadi krutyon (udaaharan hai 1995 mein Punjab ke mukhyamantri beant Singh ki hatya) ke liye aadhe darjan ke aaspaas ladaakoo sikh sangathanon ko chihnit kiya gaya. in sangathanon mein babbar khaalasa international, khaalistaan commando fors, khaalistaan liberation fors aur khaalistaan jindaabaad fors shaamil hain.

khaalistaan ko Canada aur gretabriten ke sikh samudaaya se ab bhi vyaapak sahaayata mil rahi hai.

nayi Delhi

Bhaarat ki rajdhani nayi Delhi mein 29 October 2005 ko teen visfot kiye gaye jismein 60 se adhik log maare gaye aur kam se kam 200 anya log ghaayal ho gaye. visfoton mein 2005 mein Bhaarat mein visfoton se ghaatak hamlon mein maare gaye logon ki sankhya sarvaadhik rahi.uske baad 13 sitmbar 2008 ko 5 bam visfot kiye gaye.

Delhi suraksha shikhar vaarta

suraksha par Delhi shikhar vaarta 14 fravari 2007 ko hui jismein cheen, Bhaarat aur roos ke videsh mantriyon ne Bhaarat ke Hyderabad house, Delhi mein bhaag liya. vaarta mein aatankvaad, nasheele padaarthon ki taskari, sanyukt raashtra mein sudhaar aur Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq tatha uttari Korea mein suraksha ki sthiti par charcha hui.^[3][4]

bhaarateeya sansad par hamla

13 December 2001 ko aatankvaadiyon ne bhaarateeya sansad par hamla kiya jismein 45 minute tak goleebaari hoti rahi jismein 9 policekarmi aur sansad karmachaari maare gaye| sabhi paanch aatankvaadi bhi suraksha balon dvaara maare gaye aur unki pehchaan Pakistani naagrikon ke roop mein ki gayi. hamla bhaarateeya samayaanusaar subah 11:40 ke aaspaas hua jiske kuchh hi minton baad sansad ke donon sadanon ko din bhar ke liye sthagit kar diya gaya|

commando ki vardi pahane hue sandigdh aatankvaadiyon ne ek car mein savaar hokar VIP gate se hokar sansad mein pravesh kiya tha. sansad aur gruh mantraalaya ke suraksha stikr dikhaakar vaahan ne sansad parisar mein pravesh kiya tha|

aatankvaadiyon ne hamle ke liye AK 47 raaifalon, visfotakon aur hathagolon ka upayog karte hue jamkar visfot kiye| jis samay hamla hua sansad ke kendreeya kaksh mein kai varishth mantri aur sansad ke 200 se adhik sadasya the. suraksha karmiyon ne poore parisar ko seal kar diya tha jisse kai logon ki jaan bach gayi|

Punjab ki khushahaali kuchh netaaon ko raas nahi aarahi jo aise - aise slogan bana kar punjabi bhaai chaara bigaadne ka prayaas kar rahe hain. in ka to lakshya hi satta ko kese bhi hathiyaana hota hai.

uttar pradesh

ayodhya mudda

lambe arase se chal rahe ayodhya vivaad ka samaapan antat: 16 veen sadi mein banaae gaye baabari dhaanche sthal par bheed ke hamle se hua aur ayodhya mein baabari dhaancha dhaha diya gaya. iske baad 5 July 2005 ko Pakistan ke lashkar-A-taiyyaba aatankvaadiyon aur bhaarateeya police ke beech do ghante ki goleebaari ke baad, jismein chhah aatankvaadi maare gaye, desh ke netaaon ne hamle ki ninda ki aur vipakshi dalon ne raashtravyaapi hadtaal ka aahvaan kiya, aisa maana jaata hai ki hamle ke peechhe Dawood Ibrahim ka dimaag tha.

Varanasi bam dhamaake

hinduon ke pavitra shahar Varanasi mein 7 March 2006 ko shrunkhalaabaddh bam visfot hue. report ke anusaar ismein pandrah log maare gaye aur kam se kam 101 anya ghaayal ho gaye. hamlon ki jimmedaari kisi ne naheen li lekin yeh anumaan lagaaya jaata hai ki ye bam visfot Varanasi mein is ghatna se pehle February 2006 mein lashkar- A-taiyyaba ke agent ki giraftaari ki javaabi kaarravaai ke taur par kiya gaya.

5 April 2006 ko bhaarateeya police ne chhah islaami aatankvaadiyon ko giraftaar kiya gaya jismein ek maulavi bhi shaamil hai, jisne bam visfot ki yojana banaane mein madad pahunchaayi. maana jaata hai ki maulavi Bangladesh mein pratibandhit islaami aatankvaadi gut harkat-ul-jihaad al islaami ka ek commander aur Pakistani khufiya agency intar services intelligence se juda hua hai.^[5]

poorvottar Bhaarat mein 7 raajya shaamil hain (jinhein saat bahanon ke naam se bhi jaana jaata hai) Assam, meghaalaya, tripura, arunaachal pradesh, mijoram, manipur aur nagaalaind. in raajyon aur kendra sarkaar tatha is raajya ke mool nivaasi aadivaasiyon aur Bhaarat ke anya bhaagon se yahaan aaye pravaasi logon ke beech tanaav hote rahate hain.

raajyon ne nayi Delhi par aarop lagaaya hai ki vah unase sambandhit muddon ki anadekhi kar rahi hai. is bhaavana ke kaaran in raajyon ke nivaasiyon mein shaasan mein apni bhaageedaari adhik rakhane ki maang uthane lagi hai. manipur aur nagaalaind ke beech kshetreeya vivaad vivaad kaayam hai.

poorvottar, khaaskar Assam, nagaalaind, mijoram aur tripura raajyon mein vidrohi gatividhiyon aur kshetreeya aandolanon mein vruddhi hui hai. inmein se adhikaansh sangathanon ne svatantr raajya ka darja ya kshetreeya svaayattata aur samprabhuta mein vruddhi ki maang ki hai.

uttar poorvi kshetr mein tanaav khatm karne ke liye kendra aur raajya sarkaarein is kshetr ke logon ke jeevan star ko uthaane ke thos prayaas kar rahi hain. haalaanki, aatankvaad Bhaarat ke is kshetr mein ab bhi maujood hai, jise baahari sroton se samarthan praapt hai.

nagaalaind

aur shaayad pehli baar sabse mahatvapoorn ugravaad 1950 ke dashak ke mein nagaalaind mein praarambh mein shuroo hua aur us par antat: 1980 ke dashak ki shurooaat mein daman aur sah-sthaapana ke mishran prayaason se kaaboo pa liya gaya. national soshalist kaaunsil of nagaalaind, isaak muiva (NSCN-IM), ne ek svatantr nagaalaind ki maang hai aur is kshetr mein bhaarateeya sena ke thikaanon par kai hamle kiye. sarkaari adhikaariyon ke anusaar 1992 se 2000 ke beech 599 naagrikon, 235 surakshaabalon aur 862 aatankvaadiyon ne apni jaan ganvaai hai.

14 June 2001 ko Bhaarat sarkaar aur NSCN-IM ke beech ek sangharsh-viraam samjhaute par hastaakshar kiye gaye, jise nagaalaind mein vyaapak sveekruti aur samarthan praapt hua. naga national kaaunsil-Federal (NNC-F) aur national kaaunsil of nagaalaind-khaapalaang (NSCN-K) jaise aatankvaadi sangathanon ne bhi vikaas ka svaagat kiya.

kuchh padosi raajyon, khaaskar manipur ne sangharsh viraam par gambhir chinta jataayi. unhein dar tha ki kaheen NSCN apne raajya mein aatankvaadi gatividhiyon ko na jaari rakhe aur nayi Delhi se yuddhaviraam samjhaute ko radd karte hue aur sainya kaarravaai ka naveekaran na kar de. sangharsh-viraam ke baavajood NSCN ne apne vidroh ko jaari rakha^{[tathya vaanchhit]}.

asam

nagaalaind ke baad asam kshetr ka sabse adhik asthir raajya hai. 1979 ke praarambh mein asam ke sthaaneeya logon ne maang ki ki un avaidh aapravaasiyon ko chihnit kiya jaaye aur vaapas bhej diya jaaye jo Bangladesh se asam aaye the. akhil asam chhaatr sangh ke netrutv mein satyaagrah, bahishkaar, dharana aur giraftaari dekar anhisk dhang se apna aandolan shuroo kiya gaya.

jo log virodh pradarshan kar rahe the un par police kaarravaai hui. 1983 mein ek chunaav hua jiska aandolan ke netaaon ne virodh kiya. chunaav mein vyaapak hinsa hui. aandolan antat: aandolan ke netaaon ke samjhaute par hastaakshar ke baad samaapt hua (jise asam samjhauta kehte hain) jo kendra sarkaar ke saath 15 August, 1985 ko hua.

is samjhaute ke praavadhaanon ke antargat koi aisa vyakti jisne raajya mein avaidh roop se January 1966 se March 1971 ke beech pravesh kiya hai use rahane ki anumati hai lekin das saal baad use bedakhal hona padega, jabki jin logon ne 1971 ke baad raajya mein pravesh kiya hai unhein nishkaasan jhelana padega. November 1985 mein bhaarateeya naagarikta kaanoon mein sanshodhan kar chunaav mein matadaan ke adhikaar ko chhodkar shesh sabhi naagarikta adhikaar 10 varsh ke liye un logon ko diye gaye jinhonne 1961 se 1971 ke beech asam mein pravesh kiya tha.

nayi Delhi ne bhi raajya mein bodo ko vishesh prashaasan svaayattata di. haalaanki, bodo samudaaya ke logon ne ek alag bodolaind ki maang ki jiske kaaran bangaaliyon, bodo aur bhaarateeya sena ke beech sangharsh chhid gaya parinaamasvaroop saikadon ki sankhya mein log maare gaye.

kai sangathan hain jo asam ki svatantrata ki vakaalat kar rahe hain. jinmein se sabse pramukh ULFA (United liberation frant of asam) hai. 1971 mein sthaapit ULFA ke do mukhya lakshya hain asam ki svatantrata aur samaajavaadi sarkaar ki sthaapana.

ULFA ne 1971 mein bhaarateeya sena aur asainikon ko lakshya karke kshetr mein kai aatankvaadi hamle kiye hain. is samooh ne raajanaitik virodhiyon ki hatya, police aur anya suraksha balon par hamle kiye hain, rel patariyon ko udaaya hai aur anya buniyaadi suvidhaaon ki sthaapanaaon par hamle kiye hain. maana jaata hai ki ULFA ke neshanalist soshalist kaaunsil of nagaalaind (NSCN), maaovaadiyon aur naksaliyon ke saath majaboot sambandh hain.

yeh bhi vishvaas kiya jaata hai ve apne jyaadaatar abhiyaanon ko bhootaan raajya se sanchaalit karte hain. ULFA ke badhte prabhaav ko dekhte hue Bhaarat sarkaar ne 1986 mein samooh ko gairkaanooni aur asam ko ek ashaant kshetr ghoshit kar diya. nayi Delhi ke dabaav mein bhootaan ne apne kshetr se ULFA ugravaadiyon ko baahar nikaalne ke liye ek vyaapak abhiyaan chalaaya.

bhaarateeya sena ke samarthan se thimpoo ek hajaar se adhik aatankvaadiyon ko maarane mein kaamayaab raha aur anekaanek aparaadhiyon aparaadhiyon ko Bhaarat pratyarpit karne mein kaamayaab raha jabki abhiyaanapaksh ki or se kelav 120 log maare gaye. bhaarateeya sena ne ULFA ke bhaavi hamlon ko vifal karne ke uddeshya se kai safal abhiyaan chalaaya hai lekin ULFA kshetr mein sakriya bana hua hai. 2004 mein ULFA ne asam mein ek pablik school ko nishaana banaaya jismein 19 bachche aur 5 vayask log maare gaye.

asam poorvottar mein ekamaatr raajya hai, jahaan aatankvaad abhi bhi ek pramukh mudda hai. bhaarateeya sena anya kshetron mein aatankvaadi sangathanon ko khatm karne mein kaamayaab ho gayi thi lekin aatankvaadiyon se nipatne ke liye kathit roop se kathor tareeke ka istemaal karne ke liye maanavaadhikaar samoohon dvaara aalochna ki gayi.

18 sitmbar 2005 ko ek sipaahi jireebaam, manipur mein manipur-asam seema ke nikat ulfa ke sadasyon ke haathon maara gaya.

tripura

tripura mein 1990 ke dashak mein aatankvaadi gatividhiyon mein kaafi uthal puthal dekhi gayi. nayi Delhi ne vidrohiyon ko apne kshetr se vidrohi kaaryakalaapon ke sanchaalan ke liye ek surakshit aashray pradaan karne ke liye bangalaadesh ko doshi thaharaaya. tripura janajaateeya kshetr svaayatt jila parishad ke niyantran ke adheen is kshetr mein nayi Delhi, tripura raajya sarkaar aur parishad ke beech ek tripksheeya samjhauta ke baad vruddhi ki gayi. sarkaar ne uske baad aandolan par niyantran kar liya hai, haalaanki kuchh vidrohi gut abhi bhi sakriya hain.

manipur

manipur mein aatankvaadiyon ne ek sangathan sthaapit kiya hai jise people's liberation army kehte hain. unka mukhya lakshya barma ki janajaatiyon meiti logon ko ekajut karna aur svatantr raajya manipur ki sthaapana karna hai. haalaanki maana jaata hai ki aandolan 1990 ke dashak ke madhya mein bhaarateeya suraksha balon dvaara bheeshan sangharsh ke baad daba diya gaya.

18 sitmbar 2005 ko chhah alagaavavaadi vidrohiyon chhurachhandapur jile mein jhoomi rivolyooshanari army aur jhoomi kraantikaari morcha ke beech sangharsh mein maare gaye.

kangali yaavol kanna loop (KYKL) kshetreeya sangathan ke AK-56 rifles se lais vidrohiyon ne 20 sitmbar 2005 ko manipur ki rajdhani Imphal se 22 meal door dakshin pashchim ke naariaang gaanv mein 14 bhaarateeya sainikon par ghaat lagaakar hamla kiya aur maar daala. Bhaarat sarkaar ke ek pravakta ke anusaar "agyaat vidrohiyon ne svachaalit hathiyaaron se hamla kar sadak par gasht kar rahe sena ke gorakha rifles ke aath javaanon ko mauke par hi maar daala.

mijoram

mijo national frant aajaadi praapt karne ke liye bhaarateeya sena se 2 dashakon se adhik avadhi se ladaai lad raha hai. anya padosi raajyon ki tarah yahaan bhi ugravaad par sena ne kaaboo pa liya.

Karnataka

Karnataka aitihaasik mahatva ke anek sthaanon aur Bhaarat ke IT hab (soochana praudyogiki kendra), Bengaluru hone ke baavajood aatankvaad se kaafi kam prabhaavit hai. haalaanki, pashchimi ghaat mein haal mein naksali gatividhi badh rahi hai. iske alaava kuchh hamle hue hain jinmein 28 December 2005 ko IISc par hamla aur Bengaluru mein 26 July 2008 ko hue seeriyl bam visfot pramukh hain.

Andhra pradesh

Andhra pradesh aatankvaad se prabhaavit kuchh dakshini raajyon mein se ek hai, haalaanki yeh ek alag tarah ka aur bahut chhote paimaane par hai. Andhra pradesh mein aatankvaad people's vaar group ya PWG ki upaj hai jo naksalaait ke naam se jaana jaata hai.

'PWG' Bhaarat mein do dashak se adhik avidh se sakriya hai uske jyaadaatar abhiyaan Andhra pradesh ke telangaana mein chalaaye jaate hain. yeh dal udeesa aur Bihar mein bhi sakriya hai. Kashmiri aatankvaadiyon aur ULFA ke vipreet PWG ek maaovaadi aatankvaadi sangathan hai aur saamyavaad iske praathamik lakshyon mein se ek hai.

chunaav mein vyaapak samarthan paane mein naakaam rahane ke kaaran ve apne vichaaron ko vyakt karne ke liye hinsa ka sahaara lete hain. samooh saamyavaad ke naam par bhaarateeya police, bahuraashtreeya companiyon aur anya prabhaavashaali sansthaanon ko apna nishaana banaata hai. PWG ne varishth sarkaari adhikaariyon ko apna nishaana banaaya hai, jismein Andhra pradesh ke poorv mukhyamantri chandrabaaboo Naidu ki hatya karne ka prayaas bhi shaamil hai.

kathit taur par in sashastr aatankvaadiyon ki sankhya 800 se 1000 hai aur inka Nepal ke maaovaadiyon aur Sri Lanka ke LTTE (litte) ke saath ghanishth sambandh maana jaata hai. Bhaarat sarkaar ke anusaar ausatan 60 se adhik naagrik, 60 naksali vidrohi aur ek darjan policekarmi har saal PWG ke netrutv vaale ugravaad mein maare jaate hain. iske bade aatankvaadi hamlon mein 25 August 2007 ko Hyderabad mein hua hamla pramukh hai.

Tamil Nadu

Tamil Nadu mein LTTE liberation taaigars of tamil ilam poorv pradhaanamantri Rajiv Gandhi ki hatya hone tak sakriya raha. LTTE ne Tamil Nadu raajya mein velupillai prabhaakaran, tamilselvan aur ilam ke anya sadasyon ke netrutv mein kai vaktavya diye. tamil taaigars, jo ab ek pratibandhit sangathan hai, ko ateet mein Bhaarat mein kaafi chande aur samarthan praapt hue. Bhaarat mein ek aatankvaadi tamil aandolan se jude Tamil Nadu liberation army ka sambandh LTTE se hai.

Tamil Nadu ko muslim kattarpanthi aatankvaadi dvaara kiye gaye hamlon ka bhi saamana karna padta hai. adhik jaankaari ke liye dekhein, 1998 Coimbatore bam visfot.

air India flight 182 air India ki udaan thi jo mauntriyl-London-Delhi-Mumbai maarg par sanchaalit thi. 23 June 1985 ko Boeing 747-237B maarg par udna bhar raha tha, usi dauraan aayarish havaai kshetr par bam feinka gaya tha, jisse jahaaj par savaar sabhi log maare gaye. 11 September 2001 ke pehle tak air India bam visfot sarvaadhik logon ke maare jaane wala ek aisa aatankvaadi hamla tha jismein vimaan shaamil ho, yeh din ab tak Canada ke itihaas mein sabse badi saamoohik hatya wala din hai. is hamle ki jimmedaari babbar khaalasa ne li hai jo ek kattar aatankvaadi samooh ke roop mein jaana jaata hai, jis par us samay aur ab bhi Canada, sanyukt raajya amareeka, great Britain, Germany aur Bhaarat mein 1985 se pratibandh laga hua hai.

ghatna naarita airport par bamabaari ke ek ghante ke bheetar hui. samraat kanishk naamake ke Boeing vimaan 747-237B (c/n 21473/330, reg VT-VT-EFO) mein 31,000 feet (9,500 meter) ki oonchaai par visfot hua, jo dughartanaagrast hokar atalaantik mahaasaagar mein gira, jisse us par savaar sabhi 329 log maare gaye, jinmein 280 Canada aur 22 Bhaarat ke naagrik the.

• Bhaarat mein aatankvaadi sangathanon ki soochi
• Bhaarat mein maanavaadhikaar
• operation blue star
• Kashmir mein aatankvaad
• sikh ugravaad
• naksalavaadi
• lashkar-A-taiyyaba
• islaami aatankvaad
• samudaayikta (dakshin Asia)
• 26 November 2008 Mumbai mein shreneebaddh goleebaari
• bhagava aatankvaad

• ^ "sleeping over sekyuriti". (26 August se 8 sitmbar) vyaapaar aur aarthik, prushth 38

• islaam, mahila, Kashmir mein Bhaarat aur Pakistan ke beech ki hinsa
• Mumbai mein hamlon par vidvaanon ka javaab
• aajaad Kashmir mein ek jehaadi shiksha, angreji mein radio France intaranaishanal
• radio France intaranaishanal ki angreji bhaasha seva ke dvaara Mumbai hamlon par file