Agra

Agra
— jila —
Agra sthit Tajmahal
Agra
samay mandal: IST (UTC+5:30)
desh	Bhaarat
raajya	uttar pradesh
upaayukt
saansad	dau॰ Ram shankar katheriya
janasankhya	1,400,000 (2001 tak [update])
kshetrafal • ooainchaai (AMSL)	• 171 meter (561 fee॰)
vibhinn code • pinkod • 282XXX • doorabhaash • +91-562 • gaadiyaan • UP 80

nirdeshaank: 27°a11′aN 78°a01′aE / 27.18°aN 78.02°aE / 27.18; 78.02 Agra uttar pradesh praant ka ek mahanagar, jila shahar va tahaseel hai. vishv ka ajooba Tajmahal Agra ki pehchaan hai aur yeh yamuna nadi ke kinaare basa hai. Agra 27.18° uttar 78.02° poorv mein yamuna nadi ke tat par sthit hai. samudra-tal se iski ausat ooainchaai kreeb 171 meter (561 feet) hai. Agra uttar pradesh ka teesara sabse bada shahar hai.

Agra ek aitihaasik nagar hai, jiske pramaan yeh apne chaaron or samete hue hai. vaise to Agra ka itihaas mukhya roop se mugal kaal se jaana jaata hai lekin iska sambandh maharshi angira se hai jo 1000 varsh isa poorv hue the. itihaas mein pehla zikr Agra ka mahaabhaarat ke samay se maana jaata hai, jab ise agrabaan ya agravan ke naam se sambodhit kiya jaata tha. kehte hain ki pehle yeh nagar aayaigrah ke naam se bhi jaana jaata tha. taulami pehla gyaat vyakti tha jisne ise Agra naam se sambodhit kiya.

Agra shahar ko sikandar lodi ne san 1506 E. mein basaaya tha. Agra mugal saamraajaya ki chaheti jagah thi. Agra 1526 se 1658 tak mugl saamraajya ki rajdhani raha. aaj bhi Agra muglakaaleen imaaraton jaise - taaj mahal, laal kila, ftehapur seekari aadi ki vajah se ek vikhyaat paryatan-sthal hai. ye teenon imaaratein yoonesko vishv dharohar sthal ki soochi mein shaamil hain. baabar (mugl saamraajya ka janak) ne yahaaain chaukor (aayataakaar evam vargaakaar) baagon ka nirmaan karaaya.

yeh anubhaag puraani jaankaari hone ke kaaran tathyaatmak roop se sateek naheen hai. krupaya iska adyatan kar ise behtar banaane mein madad karein. adhik jaankaari vaarta prushth par pai ja sakti hai. (January 2016)

san 2001 ki janaganana ke anusaar, Agra ki janasankhya 1,259,979 hai. Agra ki janasankhya ka 53% puroosh aur 47% mahilaaeain hain. yahaaain ki ausat saaksharata dar 65% hai, jinmein 76% purush aur 53% mahilaaeain saakshar hain. yeh raashtreeya ausat 59.5% se adhik hai. Agra ki 11% janasankhya 6 varsh se neeche ke bachchon ki hai.

Agra ke kile se Tajmahal ka drushya

Tajmahal

aagare ka Tajmahal, shaahajahaaain ki priya begam mumataaj mahal ka makabara, vishv ki sabse prasiddh imaaraton mein se ek hai. yeh vishv ke naye 7 ajoobon mein se ek hai aur Agra ki teen vishv saanskrutik dharoharon mein se ek hai. anya do dharohar Agra kila aur fatehapur seekari hain.

1653 mein iska nirmaan poora hua tha. yeh mugal baadshah shaahajahaan ne apni begam mumataaj mahal ki yaad mein banavaaya tha. poore shvet sangamarmar mein taraasha hua, yeh Bhaarat ki hi naheen vishv ki bhi atyuttam kruti hai. poornataya samamiteeya smaarak ke banane mein baais varsh lage (1630-1652), va bees hajaar kaareegaron ki athak mehnat bhi. yeh mugal shaili ke chaar baag ke saath sthit hai. faarasi vaastukaar ustaad isa Khan ke disha nirdesh mein ise yamuna nadi ke kinaare par banavaaya gaya. ise mrugatrushna roop mein Agra ke kile se dekha ja sakta hai, jahaan se shaahajahaaain jeevan ke antim aath varshon mein, apne putr aurangajeb dvaara kaid kiye jaane par dekha karta tha. yeh samamiti ka aadarsh namoona hai, jo ki kuchh doori se dekhne par hava mein tairata hua prateet hota hai. iske mukhya dwaar par kuraaan ki aayatein khudi hui hain. uske oopar baais chhote gumbad hain, jo ki iske nirmaan ke varshon ki sankhya bataate hain. taaj ko ek laalabaluaa patthar ke chabootare par bane shvet sangamarmar ke chabootare par banaaya gaya hai. taaj ki sarvaadhik sundarata, iske imaarat ke baraabar ooainche mahaan gumbad mein basi hai. yeh 60 feet vyaas ka, 80 feet ooaincha hai. iske neeche hi mumataaj ki kabr hai. iske baraabar hi mein shaahajahaaain ki bhi kabr hai. androoni kshetr mein ratnon va bahumoolya pattharon ka kaarya hai. khulne ka samay : 6 praat: se 7:30 saaainy: (shukravaar band)

Agra ka kila

Agra ka ek anya vishv dharohar sthal hai Agra ka kila. yeh Agra ka ek pradhaan nirmaan hai, jo shahar ke beechon beech hai. ise kabhi kabhaar laal kila bhi kaha jaata hai. yeh Akbar dvaara 1565 mein banavaaya gaya tha. baad mein shaahajahaan dvaara is kile ka punaroddhaar laal baluaa patthar se karavaaya gaya, va ise kile se praasaad mein badla gaya. yahaan sangamarmar aur peetra dyoora nakkaashi ka kmaheen kaarya kiya gaya hai. is kile ki mukhya imaaraton mein moti masjid, deevaan-A-aam, deevaan-A-khaas, jahaaaingeer mahal, khaas mahal, sheesh mahal evam musamman burj aate hain.

mugal samraat Akbar ne ise 1565 mein banavaaya tha, jismein uske pautr shaahajahaaain ke samay tak nirmaan kaarya badhte rahe. is kile ke nishiddh kshetron mein androoni chhipa hua svarg jaisa sthaan hai. yeh kila ardh-chandraakaar hai, jo poorv mein kuchh chapata hai, paas ki seedhi deevaar nadi ki or waali hai. iski poori paridhi hai 2.4 kilo meter, jo dohare parakote waali kilenuma chahaaradeevaari se ghiri hai. is deevaar mein chhote antaraalon par burjiyaan hain, jinpar raksha chhatariyaan bani hain. is deevaar ko oek 9 meter chaudi va 10 meter gahari khaai ghere hue hai.

shivaaji yahaan 1666 mein purandar sandhi hetu aaye the. unki yaad mein ek badi moorti yahaan sthaapit hai. yeh kila mugal sthaapatya kala ka ek jeevant udaaharan hai. yaheen dikhta hai, kaise uttar bhaarateeya durg shaili dakshin se pruthak thi. dakshin Bhaarat mein anekon durg hain, jinmein se adhikaansh saagar tat par hain. Agra ka kila dekh

fatehapur seekari

mugal samraat Akbar ne fatehapur seekari basaai, va apni rajdhani vahaan sthaanaantarit ki. yeh Agra se 35 ki॰mee॰ door hai. yahaan anekon bhavya imaaratein banavaayeen. baad mein paani ki kami ke chalte, vaapas Agra laute. yahaan bhi buland darvaaja, ek vishv dharohar sthal hai. buland darvaaja ya 'udaatt pravesh dwaar' mugal samraat dvaara banaaya gaya tha, buland darvaaja 52 kadam se sampark kiya hai. buland darvaaja 53.63 meter ooainche aur 35 meter chauda hai. yeh laal aur shaukeen baluaa patthar se bana hai, nakkaashi aur kaale aur safed sangamaramar dvaara sajaaya. buland darvaaja ke madhya chehare par ek shilaalekh Akbar dhaarmik samajh ka daayara darshaata hai.

etamaaduddaula ka makabara

etamaaduddaula ka makabara

samraajnyai noorajahaan ne etamaaduddaula ka makabara banavaaya tha. yeh uske pita ghiyaas-ud-deen beg, jo jahaaaingeer ke darbaar mein mantri bhi the, ki yaad mein banavaaya gaya tha. mugal kaal ke anya makabaron se apekshaakrut chhota hone se, ise kai baar shrangaaradaan bhi kaha jaata hai. yahaan ke baag, peetra dyoora pachcheekaari, va kai ghatak Tajmahal se milte hue hain.

jaama masjid

jaama masjid

jaama masjid

jaama masjid ek vishaal masjid hai, jo shaahajahaaain ki putri, shaahajaadi jahaaainaara begam ko samarpit hai. iska nirmaan 1648 mein hua tha aur yeh apne meenaar rahit dhaaainche tatha vishesh prakaar ke gumbad ke liye jaani jaati hai.

cheeni ka roja

cheeni ka roja shaahajahaaain ke mantri, allaama afajl Khan shakaraulla shiraaj, ko samarpit hai aur apne paarasi shilpakaari vaale chamakeele neele rang ke gumbad ke liye darshaneeya hai.

mehataab baag

Bhaarat ka sabse puraana mugl udyaan, raamabaag, mugl shaasak baabar ne san 1528 mein banavaaya tha. yeh udyaan taajamhal se 2.34 kimi. door uttar disha mein sthit hai.

svaami baag

svaameebaag samaadhi hujoor svaami mahaaraaj (shri Shiv dayaal Singh seth) ka smaarak/ samaadhi hai. yeh nagar ke baahari kshetr mein hai, jise svaami baag kehte hain. ve raadhaasvaami mat ke sansthaapak the. unki samaadhi unke anuyaaiyon ke liye pavitra hai. iska nirmaan 1908 mein aarambh hua tha aur kehte hain ki yeh kabhi samaapt naheen hoga. ismein bhi shvet sangamarmar ka prayog hua hai. saath hi nakkaashi va belabooton ke liye rangeen sangamarmar va kuchh anya rangeen pattharon ka prayog kiya gaya hai. yeh nakkaashi va bail boote ekdam jeevant lagte hain. yeh Bhaarat bhar mein kaheen naheen dikhte hain. poorn hone par is samaadhi par ek nakkaasheekrut gumbad shikhar ke saath ek mahaadvaar hoga. ise kabhi kabhaar doosra taaj bhi kaha jaata hai.

sikandara (Akbar ka makabara)

Agra kila se maatr 13 kilometer ki doori par, sikandara mein mahaan mugal samraat Akbar ka makabara hai. yeh makabara uske vyaktitv ki poornata ko darshaata hai. sundar vruttakhand ke aakaar mein, laal baluaa-patthar se nirmit yeh vishaal makabara hare bhare udyaan ke beech sthit hai. Akbar ne swayam hi apne makabare ki rooparekha taiyaar karavaai thi aur sthaan ka chunaav bhi usane swayam hi kiya tha. apne jeevanakaal mein hi apne makabare ka nirmaan karavaana ek Turkey pratha thi, jiska mugal shaasakon ne dharm ki tarah paalan kiya. Akbar ke putr jahaaaingeeऱ ne is makabare ka nirmaan kaarya 1613 mein sampann karaaya.

mariym makabara

mariym makabara, Akbar ki isaai begm ka makabara hai, jo Agra aur sikndara ke beech mein hai.

mehataab baag

mehataab baag

mehataab baag, yamuna ke Tajmahal se vipreet doosare kinaare par hai.

paaleevaal park (heevit park)

mugl kaal se hi Agra islaam ki shiksha ka ek kendra raha hai. british shaasan ke samay angrejon ne yahaaain Agra mein paashchaatya shiksha ko badhaava diya. varsh 1823 mein Bhaarat ke praacheenatam vishvavidyaalaya mein pramukh Agra mahaavidyaalaya, jo ki ek sanskrut bhaasha aadhaarit vidyaalaya tha ki sthaapana yahaaain hui. bhaarateeya lekhakon mein pramukh babu gulaabaraaya ki janm aur karm bhoomi yahi thi. vartamaan mein yahaaain maadhyamik shiksha parishd (you.pi. board), Allahabad; keindreeya maadhyamik shiksha board (si.bi.S.E. board), Delhi; aur I.si.S.E. board se sambaddh hindi va angreji maadhyam ke kai vidyaalaya hain:

• Agra pablik school, vijay nagar colony
• air fors school
• keindreeya vidyaalaya
• mufeed-A-aam intar college, pandit moti laal Nehru road
• gaayatri pablik school, vajeerapura sadak
• mahaaveer digmbar jain intar college, ahinsa chauk, hareeparvat
• chaudhari CM pablik school,dauretha nan.2 shaahaganj Agra
• Delhi pablik school, dayaalabaag
• sarasvati shishu mandir, uttar vijay nagar colony
• seint josef girls intar college, paaleevaal park gate
• seint peetars college, vajeerapura road
• seint pauls church college, civil laains
• seint fraaainsis kaanveint school, vajeerapura sadak
• holi pablik school, sikndara

Agra jile mein pramukh roop se hindi dainik jaise ki amar ujaala, dainik jaagaran, Hindustan (samaachaar patra), aaj, daata sandesh, deepasheel Bhaarat ityaadi samaachaar-patra prakaashit hote hain.

Agra shahar pramukh shahar Delhi, Kanpur, Lucknow, Varanasi, Meerut, haridvaar, deharaadoon evam Jaipur aadi shaharon se seedhe rel evam sadak maarg dvaara chaubeeson ghante juda hua hai. Delhi-mumbai evam Delhi-chennai ke liye madhya-pashchim evam madhya-dakshin railway network hai. Delhi se Agra ke liye ra.raajamaarg-2 hai jiski doori 200 ki.mi. hai jo ki lagbhag 4 ghante mein tay ki jaati hai.

• kheriya havaai adda.
• Agra chhaavani railway station
• Agra kila railway station
• Agra shahar railway station
• raaja ki mandi railway station
• idagaah railway station.

• uttar pradesh
• Bhaarat ke shahar

• raashtreeya soochana kendra dvaara banaayi gayi aagare ka aadhikaarik jaalasthal
• vikimaipiya par Agra